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. 2013 Nov;170(11):1249-62.
doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13020185.

The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) task force report on antidepressant use in bipolar disorders

Isabella Pacchiarotti, David J Bond, Ross J Baldessarini, Willem A Nolen, Heinz Grunze, Rasmus W Licht, Robert M Post, Michael Berk, Guy M Goodwin, Gary S Sachs, Leonardo Tondo, Robert L Findling, Eric A Youngstrom, Mauricio Tohen, Juan Undurraga, Ana González-Pinto, Joseph F Goldberg, Ayşegül Yildiz, Lori L Altshuler, Joseph R Calabrese, Philip B Mitchell, Michael E Thase, Athanasios Koukopoulos, Francesc Colom, Mark A Frye, Gin S Malhi, Konstantinos N Fountoulakis, Gustavo Vázquez, Roy H Perlis, Terence A Ketter, Frederick Cassidy, Hagop Akiskal, Jean-Michel Azorin, Marc Valentí, Diego Hidalgo Mazzei, Beny Lafer, Tadafumi Kato, Lorenzo Mazzarini, Anabel Martínez-Aran, Gordon Parker, Daniel Souery, Ayşegül Ozerdem, Susan L McElroy, Paolo Girardi, Michael Bauer, Lakshmi N Yatham, Carlos A Zarate, Andrew A Nierenberg, Boris Birmaher, Shigenobu Kanba, Rif S El-Mallakh, Alessandro Serretti, Zoltan Rihmer, Allan H Young, Georgios D Kotzalidis, Glenda M MacQueen, Charles L Bowden, S Nassir Ghaemi, Carlos Lopez-Jaramillo, Janusz Rybakowski, Kyooseob Ha, Giulio Perugi, Siegfried Kasper, Jay D Amsterdam, Robert M Hirschfeld, Flávio Kapczinski, Eduard Vieta

The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) task force report on antidepressant use in bipolar disorders

Isabella Pacchiarotti et al. Am J Psychiatry. 2013 Nov.

Abstract

Objective: The risk-benefit profile of antidepressant medications in bipolar disorder is controversial. When conclusive evidence is lacking, expert consensus can guide treatment decisions. The International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) convened a task force to seek consensus recommendations on the use of antidepressants in bipolar disorders.

Method: An expert task force iteratively developed consensus through serial consensus-based revisions using the Delphi method. Initial survey items were based on systematic review of the literature. Subsequent surveys included new or reworded items and items that needed to be rerated. This process resulted in the final ISBD Task Force clinical recommendations on antidepressant use in bipolar disorder.

Results: There is striking incongruity between the wide use of and the weak evidence base for the efficacy and safety of antidepressant drugs in bipolar disorder. Few well-designed, long-term trials of prophylactic benefits have been conducted, and there is insufficient evidence for treatment benefits with antidepressants combined with mood stabilizers. A major concern is the risk for mood switch to hypomania, mania, and mixed states. Integrating the evidence and the experience of the task force members, a consensus was reached on 12 statements on the use of antidepressants in bipolar disorder.

Conclusions: Because of limited data, the task force could not make broad statements endorsing antidepressant use but acknowledged that individual bipolar patients may benefit from antidepressants. Regarding safety, serotonin reuptake inhibitors and bupropion may have lower rates of manic switch than tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants and norepinephrine-serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The frequency and severity of antidepressant-associated mood elevations appear to be greater in bipolar I than bipolar II disorder. Hence, in bipolar I patients antidepressants should be prescribed only as an adjunct to mood-stabilizing medications.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow Diagram of Study Design and Results in a Review of Antidepressant Use in Bipolar Disorders
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