The psychological experiences of adult heart transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-summary of qualitative findings

Abstract

Background: Psychosocial factors and physical health are associated with increased psychological distress post-heart transplant. Integrating findings from qualitative studies could highlight mechanisms for how these factors contribute to psychological well-being, thus aiding the development of interventions.

Objective: To integrate qualitative findings regarding adult heart transplant recipients experiences, such as their emotions, perceptions and attitudes.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-summary were conducted. Data from seven studies were categorized into 16 abstracted findings.

Results: The most prominent finding across the studies related to recipients' perceptions of the importance of social support. Other prominent findings related to factors that promoted psychological well-being, such as faith, optimism and sense of control.

Conclusions: Psychological well-being may be improved by enhancing perceived control over health and daily life, promoting an optimistic outlook by facilitating access to social support from other heart transplant recipients and ensuring post-transplant recipient-caregiver partnerships adequately support the transition back to independence.

Keywords: Anxiety; Cardiac transplant; Depression; Heart transplant; Meta-summary; Meta-synthesis; Qualitative; Quality of life.