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Review
. 2013 Sep 12;5(9):3551-62.
doi: 10.3390/nu5093551.

Vitamin D intake and risk of type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Jia-Yi Dong  1 , Wei-Guo Zhang, Jiong Jack Chen, Zeng-Li Zhang, Shu-Fen Han, Li-Qiang Qin
Affiliations
Review

Vitamin D intake and risk of type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Jia-Yi Dong et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Vitamin D is suggested to have protective effects against type 1 diabetes. However, the results from observational studies have been inconsistent. We aimed to examine their association by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies. Multiple databases were searched in June 2013 to identify relevant studies including both case-control and cohort studies. Either a fixed- or random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled risk estimate. We identified eight studies (two cohort studies and six case-control studies) on vitamin D intake during early life and three studies (two cohort studies and one case-control study) on maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy. The pooled odds ratio for type 1 diabetes comparing vitamin D supplementation with non-supplementation during early life was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-0.98). Similar results were observed in the case-control subgroup analysis but not in the cohort subgroup analysis. The pooled odds ratio with maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.66-1.36). In conclusion, vitamin D intake during early life may be associated with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes. However, there was not enough evidence for an association between maternal intake of vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of literature search and study selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Meta-analysis of observational studies on vitamin D intake and risk of type 1 diabetes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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