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Case Reports
. 2013 Sep 12:7:350.
doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2013.350. eCollection 2013.

Haemorrhagic cystitis due to BK virus in a child with ALL on standard chemotherapy without stem cell transplant

Samin Alavi  1 , Mohammad Kaji Yazdi, Mahmoud Parvin, Farahnaz Zohrehbandian, Roxana Azma
Affiliations
Case Reports

Haemorrhagic cystitis due to BK virus in a child with ALL on standard chemotherapy without stem cell transplant

Samin Alavi et al. Ecancermedicalscience. .

Abstract

The BK virus (BKV) is a nonenveloped double-stranded DNA virus of the polyomavirus family that primarily affects immunocompromised people. BKV infects humans at an early age. Initial infections with BKV are mainly asymptomatic and usually remain latent in the brain, peripheral blood, kidneys, and urothelium. Following the primary infection, viruses persist indefinitely as 'latent' infections of the kidney and urinary system because the virus is urotheliotropic. Reactivation of the virus infections occurs in individuals with severe immunosuppression states such as kidney and stem cell transplantation and rarely in pregnancy. In this line, BKV has been implicated as a common cause of late-onset haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) in patients who have undergone stem cell transplantation. In contrast, reports of BKV-associated diseases in nontransplant paediatric patients are almost exclusively in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Herein, we report the first case of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who developed BKV-associated HC without receiving stem cell transplantation while on standard maintenance chemotherapy.

Keywords: BK virus; acute leukaemia; chemotherapy; haemorrhagic cystitis; nontransplantation.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. (A) Severe bladder wall thickness with distinct layering, perivesicular stranding, and reduced intravesical volume. (B) and (C) Remarkable improvement in bladder wall thickness and bladder space.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Decoy cell was found in the patient’s urine (detected by papanicolaou stain).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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