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Review
. 2013:2013:280713.
doi: 10.1155/2013/280713. Epub 2013 Aug 26.

Ultrasound as a tool to assess body fat

Dale R Wagner  1
Affiliations
Review

Ultrasound as a tool to assess body fat

Dale R Wagner. J Obes. 2013.

Abstract

Ultrasound has been used effectively to assess body fat for nearly 5 decades, yet this method is not known as well as many other body composition techniques. The purpose of this review is to explain the technical principles of the ultrasound method, explain the procedures for taking a measurement and interpreting the results, evaluate the reliability and validity of this method for measuring subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, highlight the advantages and limitations of ultrasound relative to other body composition methods, consider its utility to clinical populations, and introduce new body composition-specific ultrasound technology. The focus of this review is adipose, although various tissue thicknesses (e.g., muscle and bone) can be measured with ultrasound. Being a portable imaging device that is capable of making fast regional estimates of body composition, ultrasound is an attractive assessment tool in instances when other methods are limited. Furthermore, much of the research suggests that it is reliable, reproducible, and accurate. The biggest limitations appear to be a lack of standardization for the measurement technique and results that are highly dependent on operator proficiency. New ultrasound devices and accompanying software designed specifically for the purpose of body composition assessment might help to minimize these limitations.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
BodyMetrix ultrasound image of thigh. The top line indicates the subcutaneous fat-muscle interface (average thickness of 3.69 mm). The bottom line indicates the muscle-bone boundary. The muscle thickness ranges from 32.0 mm to 46.6 mm. The white layer in the center is the boundary of the rectus femoris and vastus intermedius.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Measurement sequence for an ultrasound image scan of the thigh. (a) Gel applied to the ultrasound head for lubrication. (b) Beginning of scan. (c) End of scan. (d) Scanned image appears on screen and can be saved for future analysis.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Image and illustration of an ultrasound scan showing superficial adipose tissue and deep adipose tissue (provided with permission from IntelaMetrix, Inc., Livermore, CA).
Figure 4
Figure 4
BodyMetrix ultrasound with body composition software.
Figure 5
Figure 5
An A-mode ultrasound graph of an abdominal scan. Signal amplitude is on the y-axis and tissue depth is on the x-axis. The shaded area represents the subcutaneous fat, in this case about 9.5 mm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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