Effect of multi-sensory balance training for unsteady elderly people: pilot study of the "Reykjavik model"

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate effects of combined mechano- and proprioceptive, vestibular and fall-prevention training on postural control, functional ability, confidence in activities of daily living (ADL) and frequency of falls among unsteady elderly people.

Method: Subjects were 37 elderly outpatients attending physiotherapy because of instability. Treatment consisted of 18 multisensory balance training sessions. RESULTS from Sensory Organization Test, Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test, 30-m normal and fast walk with a turn, Ascending-Descending 11 steps and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale were compared before and after training. Information was gathered about number of falls 1 year prior to training, during training period and for 6 months after completion of training.

Results: Significant improvement was observed in all measured parameters (p < 0.001). The subjects aged between 70 and 92 years (mean age 80.8 years), had considerable medical history. Thirty four of them reported 159 falls in the year prior to the study. Six subjects reported seven falls during the training period and seven subjects reported 17 falls in the 6 months follow-up period.

Conclusions: Combined vestibular, proprioceptive and fall-prevention training improve postural control, functional ability, confidence in ADL and might even decrease the risk of falling among elderly people.

Keywords: Balance; elderly; fall prevention; postural control; proprioception; training; vestibular.