Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2013 Sep 13;5(9):3605-16.
doi: 10.3390/nu5093605.

Vitamin D: deficiency, sufficiency and toxicity

Fahad Alshahrani  1 , Naji Aljohani
Affiliations
Review

Vitamin D: deficiency, sufficiency and toxicity

Fahad Alshahrani et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

The plethora of vitamin D studies over the recent years highlight the pleomorphic effects of vitamin D outside its conventional role in calcium and bone homeostasis. Vitamin D deficiency, though common and known, still faces several challenges among the medical community in terms of proper diagnosis and correction. In this review, the different levels of vitamin D and its clinical implications are highlighted. Recommendations and consensuses for the appropriate dose and duration for each vitamin D status are also emphasized.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. DeLuca H. Overview of General physiological tenures and function of vitamin D. Am. J.Clin. Nutr. 2004;80:16895–16965. - PubMed
    1. Mawer E.B., Hayes M.E., Heys S.E., Davies M., White A., Stewart M.F., Smith G.N. Constitutive synthesis of 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 by a human small cell lung cancer cell line. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1994;79:554–560. doi: 10.1210/jc.79.2.554. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Schwartz G.G., Whitlutch L.W., Chen T.C., Lokeshwar B.L., Holick M.F. Human prostate cells synthesize 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 1998;7:391–395. - PubMed
    1. Holick M.F. Sunlight, vitamin D and health: A D-lightful story. Nor. Acad. Sci. Lett. 2008;2008:147–166.
    1. Jones G., Strugnell S., DeLuca H.F. Current understanding of the molecular action of vitamin D. Physiol. Rev. 1998;78:1193–1231. - PubMed