The graft polymers from different species of lignin and acrylic acid: synthesis and mechanism study

Abstract

The influence of lignin species on the grafting mechanism of lignosulfonate (from eucalyptus and pine, recorded as HLS and SLS, respectively) with acrylic acid (AA) was investigated. The graft polymers were confirmed by the absorption of carbonyl groups in the FTIR spectra. The decreasing phenolic group's content (Ph-OH) is not only due to its participation as grafting site but also to the negative effect of initiator. In the initial period (0-60 min), HLS and SLS both accelerate the polymerization of AA. Additionally, Ph-OH group's content is proportional to product yield (Y%), monomer conversion (C%) and grafting efficiency (GE%), strongly indicating that it acts as active center. Nevertheless, compared with HLS, Y% and C% in SLS grafting system are lower though it has higher Ph-OH group's content, which is due to the quinonoid structure formed by the self-conjugated of phenoxy radical in Guaiacyl unit. Finally, the lignosulfonate grafting mechanism was proposed.

Keywords: AA; Acrylic acid; C%; DUV; Difference Ultraviolet spectroscopy; FTIR; Fourier transform infrared; GE%; Grafting mechanism; H(2)O(2); HLS; HLS graft polymer; HLS-AA; K(2)S(2)O(8); Lignin species; Ph-OH; Phenolic group; SLS; SLS graft polymer; SLS-AA; THLS; THLS1; TSLS; TSLS1; Y%; acrylic acid; eucalyptus lignosulfonate calcium; grafting efficiency; hydrogen peroxide; monomer conversion; phenolic group; pine lignosulfonate sodium; potassium persulfate; product yield; treated HLS by H(2)O(2); treated HLS by K(2)S(2)O(8); treated SLS by H(2)O(2); treated SLS by K(2)S(2)O(8).