Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Comment
. 2013 Oct 8;110(41):16295-6.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1315623110. Epub 2013 Sep 27.

Natural genotypes via genetic engineering

Kevin D Wells  1
Affiliations
Comment

Natural genotypes via genetic engineering

Kevin D Wells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Simplified representation of the repair of double-strand breaks. Sequence-specific endonucleases can be designed to cleave genome targets (represented by scissors). In general, cleaved sites can be rejoined to correct the double-strand break. This cycle can continue until the nuclease is no longer present or until an error occurs during repair that prevents recleavage. Exonuclease activity can truncate the free ends (bases that have been removed are shown in white). When both strands are truncated, deletions can be produced by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). The change in local spacing produces a sequence that cannot be recleaved (Left pathway). If exonuclease activity removes bases from one strand, a gap can be created after NHEJ. The missing bases can be replaced by polymerase activity (Center pathway). Although this process generally proceeds with high fidelity, errors can occur (C > T error shown in red). If homologous DNA is present (shown in green), homology-directed repair (HDR) can result in the introduction of specific modifications (C > T modification shown in red). The result shown here (Right pathway) produces a product that is identical to the error shown for gap repair. After further processing through mismatch repair, the C > T substitution can be corrected or can retain the substitution. In either case, the resulting products may be recleaved. Larger modifications can be made than shown here. In addition, larger repair templates can be used to facilitate homologous recombination.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment on

References

    1. Tan W, et al. Efficient nonmeiotic allele introgression in livestock using custom endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110:16526–16531. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Palmiter RD, et al. Dramatic growth of mice that develop from eggs microinjected with metallothionein-growth hormone fusion genes. Nature. 1982;300(5893):611–615. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hammer RE, et al. Production of transgenic rabbits, sheep and pigs by microinjection. Nature. 1985;315(6021):680–683. - PubMed
    1. Du SJ, et al. Growth enhancement in transgenic Atlantic salmon by the use of an “all fish” chimeric growth hormone gene construct. Biotechnology (N Y) 1992;10(2):176–181. - PubMed
    1. Bleck GT, White BR, Miller DJ, Wheeler MB. Production of bovine alpha-lactalbumin in the milk of transgenic pigs. J Anim Sci. 1998;76(12):3072–3078. - PubMed

Substances