Lymphatic absorption, metabolism, and excretion of a therapeutic peptide in dogs and rats

Abstract

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the mechanism of absorption and metabolism of a PEGylated peptide, MRL-1 (46 kDa), after s.c. dosing in dogs and rats. Thoracic lymph duct-cannulated (LDC) dog and rat models were developed that allowed continuous collection of lymph for up to 8 days. When [(3)H]MRL-1 was administered s.c. to LDC dogs, ∼73% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in pooled lymph over a period of 120 hours, suggesting that lymphatic uptake is the major pathway of s.c. absorption for this peptide. In agreement with these data, the systemic exposure of radioactivity related to [(3)H]MRL-1 in LDC dogs was decreased proportionately when compared with that in noncannulated control dogs. After i.v. dosing with [(3)H]MRL-1 in LDC dogs, 20% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in pooled lymph over 168 hours, suggesting some level of recirculation of radioactivity related to [(3)H]MRL-1 from the plasma compartment into the lymphatic system. Experiments conducted in the LDC rat model also resulted in similar conclusions. Analysis of injection site s.c. tissue showed significant metabolism of [(3)H]MRL-1, which provides an explanation for the <100% bioavailability of therapeutic proteins and peptides after s.c. dosing. After s.c. dosing, the major circulating components in plasma were the parent peptide and the PEG-linker [(3)H]MRL-2. The metabolism profiles in lymph were similar to those in plasma, suggesting that the loss of peptide was minimal during lymphatic transport. After i.v. dosing in rats, [(3)H]MRL-1 was metabolized and excreted primarily in the urine as metabolites.