Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2013 Oct;27 Suppl 1(0 1):S5-15.
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000058.

The complexity of contraceptives: understanding their impact on genital immune cells and vaginal microbiota

Sharon L Achilles  1 , Sharon L Hillier
Affiliations
Review

The complexity of contraceptives: understanding their impact on genital immune cells and vaginal microbiota

Sharon L Achilles et al. AIDS. 2013 Oct.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Model Relationships: Contraceptives, Microbiota and Genital Tract Immune C ells
Figure 2
Figure 2
Systemic Progestin Concentration Varies with Contraceptive Method
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. United Nations Millennium Development Goals Report. New York: 2011.
    1. Heffron R, Donnell D, Rees H, Celum C, Mugo N, Were E, et al. Use of hormonal contraceptives and risk of HIV-1 transmission: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2012;12:19–26. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Haase AT. Targeting early infection to prevent HIV-1 mucosal transmission. Nature. 2010;464:217–223. - PubMed
    1. Kaul R, Pettengell C, Sheth PM, Sunderji S, Biringer A, MacDonald K, et al. The genital tract immune milieu: an important determinant of HIV susceptibility and secondary transmission. Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 2008;77:32–40. - PubMed
    1. Quinn TC, Wawer MJ, Sewankambo N, Serwadda D, Li C, Wabwire-Mangen F, et al. Viral load and heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Rakai Project Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:921–929. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances