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. 2013 Sep 30;8(9):e76121.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076121. eCollection 2013.

Patient reported differences in dry eye disease between men and women: impact, management, and patient satisfaction

Debra A Schaumberg  1 , Miki Uchino, William G Christen, Richard D Semba, Julie E Buring, Jim Z Li
Affiliations

Patient reported differences in dry eye disease between men and women: impact, management, and patient satisfaction

Debra A Schaumberg et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Purpose: Dry eye disease affects women twice as often as men, but there is little information on whether dry eye treatments, treatment satisfaction, or the impact of dry eye disease on patients' lives and vision might differ by sex.

Design: Questionnaire survey of 4000 participants in the Women's Health Study and the Physicians' Health Studies I and II with a prior report of a diagnosis of DED.

Methods: Among participants who re-confirmed a diagnosis of dry eye disease, we assessed symptoms, treatments, patient satisfaction and impact of dry eye disease, and analyzed differences between men and women using regression models.

Results: The final study population consisted of 1,518 women (mean age 70.7 years) and 581 men (mean age 76.7 years), with a mean reported duration of dry eye disease of 10.5 years and 10.1 years, respectively. The frequency and severity of dry eye disease symptoms were higher among women (each P<0.0001), and women reported a greater impact on everyday activities (P<0.0001). Women were more likely to use artificial tears (P<0.0001) use them more often (P<0.0001), and to use Restasis® (P<0.0001), omega-3 fatty acids (P=0.0006), and have punctal occlusion (P=0.005). Women spent more money per month on dry eye treatments (P<0.0001), but reported greater dissatisfaction with treatment side effects (P=0.001), and the amount of time before treatments started working (P=0.03).

Conclusions: These data show that dry eye disease is generally experienced as being more severe among women, having a greater impact on their self-assessed well-being.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: This study was partly funded by Pfizer, the employer of Jim Z. Li. Dr. Li held equity interest in Pfizer, Inc. Dr. Schaumberg was a periodic consultant for Pfizer, Inc. (on other topics not overlapping with the submitted work), as well as Alcon, Eleven Biotherapeutics, Inspire Pharmaceuticals, and Allergan, Inc.; and held equity interest in TearLab, Inc. and Mimetogen Pharmaceuticals. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Impact of DED on quality of life measures, by sex.
The chart depicts the percentage of women (N=1518) and men (N=581) with diagnosed dry eye for each category of response for questions related to quality of life.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Reported use of DED treatments, by sex.
The chart depicts the percentage of subjects reporting use of a number of available dry eye treatments, separately for women (N=1518) and men (N=581) with diagnosed dry eye.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Satisfaction with DED treatments, by sex.
The chart depicts participant satisfaction with using dry eye treatments, separately for women (N=1518) and men (N=581) with diagnosed dry eye.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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