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. 2013 Sep;33(5):409-15.
doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.07.002.

Racial disparities in kidney disease outcomes

Susanne B Nicholas  1 , Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Keith C Norris
Affiliations

Racial disparities in kidney disease outcomes

Susanne B Nicholas et al. Semin Nephrol. 2013 Sep.

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a national public health problem. Although the prevalence of early stages of CKD is similar across different racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups, the prevalence of end-stage renal disease is greater for minorities than their non-Hispanic white peers. Paradoxically, once on dialysis, minorities experience survival rates that exceed their non-Hispanic white peers. Advancing our understanding of the unique interplay of biological, genetic, environmental, sociocultural, and health care system level factors may prompt reorientation of our approach to health promotion and disease prevention. The potential of this new approach is to create previously unimagined gains to improve patient outcomes and reduce health inequities for patients with CKD.

Keywords: Racial disparities; chronic kidney disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of CKD and ESRD by Race/Ethnicity. Adapted from,.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overview of differences, disparities, and discrimination on quality of health care and overall health outcomes. Adapted from
Figure 3
Figure 3
A framework for integrating the influence of key socio-cultural determinants of CKD. Adapted from
Figure 4
Figure 4
Key Factors Influencing ESRD Outcomes and the Survival Paradox of African American Dialysis Patients
Figure 5
Figure 5
Potential Barriers in Access and Quality of Health Care
Figure 6
Figure 6
The Chronic Care Mode,
Figure 7
Figure 7
Probability of survival by level of educational attainment
Figure 8
Figure 8
CKD: A Call to Action. Adapted from
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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