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. 2013 Dec;77(4):247-50.
doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.09.010. Epub 2013 Oct 11.

Olfactory cells via nasal biopsy reflect the developing brain in gene expression profiles: utility and limitation of the surrogate tissues in research for brain disorders

Yasue Horiuchi  1 , Shin-Ichi Kano, Koko Ishizuka, Nicola G Cascella, Seiji Ishii, C Conover Talbot Jr, Andrew E Jaffe, Hideyuki Okano, Jonathan Pevsner, Carlo Colantuoni, Akira Sawa
Affiliations

Olfactory cells via nasal biopsy reflect the developing brain in gene expression profiles: utility and limitation of the surrogate tissues in research for brain disorders

Yasue Horiuchi et al. Neurosci Res. 2013 Dec.

Abstract

Human olfactory cells obtained by rapid nasal biopsy have been suggested to be a good surrogate system to address brain disease-associated molecular changes. Nonetheless, whether use of this experimental strategy is justified remains unclear. Here we compared expression profiles of olfactory cells systematically with those from the brain tissues and other cells. Principal component analysis indicated that the expression profiles of olfactory cells are very different from those of blood cells, but are closer to those of stem cells, in particular mesenchymal stem cells, that can be differentiated into the cells of the central nervous system.

Keywords: ANCOVA; Analysis of Covariance; Bipolar disorder; GC-RMA; GC-content correction robust multi-array average; Gene expression profile; Lymphoblasts; Olfactory cells; PCA; RMA; Schizophrenia; Stem cells; principal component analysis; robust multi-array average.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A) Sample distribution among various tissues obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) in Partek Genomics Suite using a data set of gene expression from 279 experiments. The ellipsoids represent two standard deviations beyond the mean of the centroid of each tissue group. Data points correspond to samples (red, adult brains; green, fetal brains; blue, blood cells; purple, stem cells and olfactory cells). B) Representative biological processes that contribute to the distribution of PC#1 and PC#2 (p <1.0E-25) through gene ontology assessment are depicted.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A) Results of principal component analysis (PCA) from stem cell group samples. Data points correspond to samples (green, fetal brains; light blue, neural stem cells from fetal brains; orange, neural stem cells from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells; blue, embryonic stem cells; gray, induced pluripotent stem cells; purple, mesenchymal stem cells; and pink, olfactory cells). B) Representative biological processes that contribute to the distribution of PC#1 and PC#2 (p <1.0E-20) through gene ontology assessment are depicted.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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