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. 2013 Dec;8(12):2047-56.
doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201300322. Epub 2013 Oct 15.

Synthesis, characterization, and metabolism studies of fluspidine enantiomers

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Synthesis, characterization, and metabolism studies of fluspidine enantiomers

Katharina Holl et al. ChemMedChem. 2013 Dec.

Abstract

The enantiomers of the potent σ1 ligand fluspidine (1) were prepared by using chiral preparative HPLC. Synthesis of racemic tosylate 2 and subsequent separation of enantiomers yielded (R)-2 and (S)-2 in excellent enantiomeric purities. The fluspidine enantiomers (R)-1 and (S)-1 were synthesized from (R)-2 and (S)-2 by nucleophilic substitution with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, affording (R)-1 with 99.6 % ee and (S)-1 with 96.4 % ee. Tosylates (R)-2 and (S)-2 can also serve as precursors for the radiosynthesis of enantiomerically pure radiotracers [(18) F](R)-1 and [(18) F](S)-1. The absolute configuration of the pure enantiomers was elucidated by comparison of their CD spectra with a calculated CD spectrum of a simplified model compound. In receptor binding studies, both enantiomers displayed very high σ1 receptor affinity and selectivity against the σ2 receptor. (R)-Fluspidine ((R)-1) is the eutomer, with a Ki value of 0.57 nM and a eudysmic ratio of 4. Incubation of (R)-1 and (S)-1 with rat liver microsomes led to the identification of seven and eight metabolites, respectively. Although the S-configured enantiomer formed additional metabolite (S)-1-3, it is metabolically more stable than (R)-1.

Keywords: chiral resolution; fluorinated ligands; metabolism; sigma-1 receptors; spirocyclic piperidines.

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