[Elective and acute procedures in trauma surgery. Complications requiring revision]

Abstract

Background: Using data between 2010 and 31 March 2012, a cohort study concerning complications of all discharged patients who had undergone surgery was performed.

Patients and methods: In our detailed analysis, we defined two groups out of the 5,248 cases: an acute trauma patient group (n = 3,942) and an elective patient group (n = 1,306). Complications were divided into the following groups: (1) technical complications (failure of the implant, poor indication, instability or non-union), (2) local complication (hematoma or delayed wound healing), and (3) infection.

Results: In 4.4% of patients (n = 233), treatment was delayed because of a complication. In 2.3% (n = 123), a technical complication was observed, followed by local complications in 1.3% [e.g., hematoma 0.6%, other wound healing disturbance (0.6%)]. In the elective surgery group, the percentage of complications needing revision (3.1%) was significantly lower compared to the trauma surgery group (4.9%). The patient's age for the non-complicated surgery group was significantly lower (54 vs. 63 years) and length of hospital stay (6.7 days longer) was significantly higher in patients with complications. Risk factors such as smoking were significantly more frequent in patients with complications (9% vs. 18.5%).

Conclusion: Recording and evaluating of complications in surgery plays a major role for quality control. Certain factors (e.g., comorbidity and the age of the patient) cannot be influenced, but complications caused by technical problems could theoretically be avoided. Especially these cases must be analyzed in detail to reduce the percentage of complications requiring revision.