Surgical management of complex midfacial fractures

Abstract

This article presents an overview of surgical management for complex midfacial fractures for the practicing otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon. Discussion includes the important anatomic relationships; pathophysiology; clinical features; pertinent physical examination findings; imaging; surgical approaches; and techniques for repair of zygomaticomaxillary complex, orbital, naso-orbital-ethmoid, and Le Fort fractures.

Keywords: Le Fort fracture; Midface fracture; Naso-orbital-ethmoid; Orbit; Trauma; Zygomaticomaxillary complex.