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Review
. 2013 Sep;46(5):450-5.
doi: 10.5946/ce.2013.46.5.450. Epub 2013 Sep 30.

Endoscopic treatment for early foregut neuroendocrine tumors

Moo In Park  1
Affiliations
Review

Endoscopic treatment for early foregut neuroendocrine tumors

Moo In Park. Clin Endosc. 2013 Sep.

Abstract

Foregut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) include those arising in the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and duodenum and seem to have a broad range of clinical behavior from benign to metastatic. Several factors including the advent of screening endoscopy may be related to increased incidence of gastrointestinal NETs; thus, many foregut NETs are diagnosed at an early stage. Early foregut NETs, such as those of the stomach and duodenum, can be managed with endoscopic treatment because of a low frequency of lymph node and distant metastases. However, controversy continues concerning the optimal management of early foregut NETs due to a lack of controlled prospective studies. Several issues such as indications, technical issues, and outcomes of endoscopic treatment for early foregut NETs are reviewed based on some published studies.

Keywords: Duodenum; Endoscopic treatment; Neuroendocrine tumors; Stomach.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author has no financial conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Management of gastric carcinoids according to European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) guidelines. Adapted from Nikou et al. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2012;2012:287825.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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