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. 2014 Jan;4(1):25-9.
doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(14)60203-3.

Potential in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Holigarna arnottiana (Hook F)

Aseer Manilal  1 , Akbar Idhayadhulla
Affiliations

Potential in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of Holigarna arnottiana (Hook F)

Aseer Manilal et al. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2014 Jan.

Abstract

Objective: To explore the in vitro antimicrobial potential of Holigarna arnottiana (H. arnottiana) against human and shrimp pathogenic bacteria and use GC-MS analysis to elucidate its antimicrobial principles.

Methods: In the present study, organic extract of H. arnottiana was examined for in vitro antimicrobial potency against five clinical human pathogens, seven species of human type culture pathogens, six pathogenic Vibrio strains isolated from moribund tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and seven type cultures (Microbial Type Culture Collection, MTCC) of prominent shrimp pathogens.

Results: The extraction of H. arnottiana with ethyl acetate yielded bioactive crude extract that efficiently repressed the growth of all tested pathogens. Among the pathogens tested, shrimp pathogens were the most susceptible organisms while clinical pathogens were found to be a little resistant. The chemical constituents of the H. arnottiana were analysed by GC-MS which revealed the presence of major compounds such as 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-o1 (42.1%), 1-lodo-2-methylundecane (34.5%) and squalene (11.1%) which might have a functional role in the chemical defence against microbial invasion.

Conclusions: Based on the finding it could be inferred that H. arnottiana would be a reliable source for developing shrimp and human bio-therapeutics in future.

Keywords: Anacardiaceae; Bioactive compounds; Chemical constituents; Holigarna arnottiana; Plant extract.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Antibacterial potential of ethyl acetate extract of H. arnottiana against shrimp pathogens.
VY: Vibrio alginolyticus; VA: Vibrio alcaligenes; VP: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; VV: Vibrio vulnificus; VF: Vibrio fischeri; VH: Vibrio harveyi; AH: Aeromonas hydrophila; Vb5: Vibrio harveyi; Vb11: Vibrio alginolyticus; Vb14: Vibrio vulnificus; Vb17: Vibrio fischeri; Vb21: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Vb26: Photobacterium damsela.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Antibacterial potential of ethyl acetate extract of H. arnottiana against human pathogens.
SA: Staphylococcus aureus; SM: Streptococcus mutans; BA: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; ML: Micrococcus luteus; KP: Klebsiella pneumonia; SF: Shigella flexneri; VM: Vibrio mimicus; Clinical Isolates CSA: Staphylococcus aureus; PS: Pseudomonas sp.; PV: Proteus vulgaris; EC: Escherichia coli; KP: Klebsiella sp.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. GC-MS chromatogram profile of the of ethyl acetate extract of H. arnottiana.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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