Antioxidant and anticlastogenic capacity of prickly pear juice

Abstract

Plants belonging to the genus Opuntia spp. are the most abundant of the Cactaceae family, grown throughout America and the Mediterranean central area. Its fruit, known as cactus pear or prickly pear, is an oval berry grouped in different colors. Some studies have shown its antioxidant activities which may help in preventing chronic pathologies such as diabetes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of three varieties of prickly pear juice (red-purple, white-green and yellow-orange) in five different concentrations (100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/mL) by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) colorimetric method, selecting the best variety to determine its anticlastogenic potential against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). The results indicate that the highest antioxidant was found in the juice of the prickly pear red-purple variety (PPRP), in all concentrations. Its anticlastogenic potential was therefore evaluated with a micronucleus assay. The experiment was run over two weeks. A negative control was included along with a positive control with MMS (40 mg/kg), a group of mice treated with PPRP (25 mL/kg), and three groups with PPRP (in doses of 25, 16.5 and 8.3 mL/kg) plus the mutagen. The PPRP was administered daily by oral gavage and the MMS was injected intraperitoneally five days prior to the end of the experiment. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in order to determine the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPE). The results indicated that PPRP is not a genotoxic agent, on the contrary, it may reduce the number of MNPE. In this regard, the PPRP showed an anticlastogenic effect directly proportional to its concentrations. Thus, the highest protection was obtained with a concentration of 25 mL/kg after 48 h of treatment.

Figure 1

Total antioxidant activity of α-tocopherol (TCF) and three varieties of prickly pear fruit—red-purple (PPRP), white-green (PPWG), and yellow-orange (PPYO)—evaluated with the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) colorimetric assay. * Statistically significant difference with respect to the value of the DPPH group. ANOVA and Student t tests, p ≤ 0.05.

Figure 2

Frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPE) in mice treated with juice of prickly pear variety red-purple (PPRP) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS).Values represent the mean ± SD of six mice per group. The superscript letters show statistically significant differences as follows: ^a with respect to the control value; and ^b with respect to the value in the group treated with MMS. Anova and Student t tests (p ≤ 0.05).