Association of regional body fat with metabolic risks in Chinese women

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association of regional fat depots with metabolic risk factors in Chinese women.

Design: Total and regional fat depots including android fat and gynoid fat were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Central fat distribution was defined as android:gynoid fat ratio. Metabolic risk factors were defined as elevated TAG, reduced HDL-cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting plasma glucose. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations of regional fat depots with metabolic risk factors. The odds ratios of metabolic risks were further calculated according to tertiles of android fat and gynoid fat.

Setting: Participants were recruited from a community-based cross-sectional study. Face-to-face questionnaires, anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measures were conducted.

Subjects: Chinese women (n 609) aged 18-79 years.

Results: Android fat and android:gynoid fat ratio were associated with significantly increased odds (OR = 1·4-3·7; P < 0·01) for almost all risk factors, whereas gynoid fat was independently associated with significantly decreased odds (OR = 0·3-0·6; P < 0·01). The inverse associations of gynoid fat with metabolic risk factors remained after adjusting for android fat. Even if their android fat level was in high, women in the highest tertile of gynoid fat had lower odds of having at least two metabolic risk factors compared with women in the lowest gynoid fat tertile (P for trend < 0·01).

Conclusions: There were opposite associations of android and gynoid fat with metabolic risks in Chinese women. Gynoid fat rather than android fat might be a more important inclusion in metabolic disease risk evaluation in female Asians.

Fig. 1

Scans and regions by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for bone (a) and body composition (b); android, top section; gynoid, bottom section

Fig. 2

Adjusted odds ratios for having at least two metabolic risk factors according to tertiles (T1, T2 and T3, where T1 is the lowest and T3 the highest) of android fat and gynoid fat in Chinese women (n 609) aged 18–79 years, November 2008–May 2009. Covariates adjusted for in the analysis include age, BMI, menopausal status, smoking status, drinking status, occupational physical activity, leisure-time physical activity and percentage body fat