The effects of cold whirlpool on power, speed, agility, and range of motion

Abstract

The purpose was to determine if cold whirlpool treatment decreases functional performance equally regardless of gender. A secondary aim was to determine if there is a gradual increase in functional performance across time. Twenty-one college-aged subjects volunteered to participate in this study and were required to perform four measures of functional performance including: counter movement vertical jump, T-test, 36.58-meter dash (40-yard), and active range of motion of the ankle. Participants were treated with a 20 minute, 10 degree Celsius cold whirlpool following the pre-test of a given functional performance measure. Participants demonstrated significant decreases in counter movement vertical jump, T-test, and 40-yard dash performance immediately following treatment. Vertical jump performance remained impaired for at least 32 minutes. While both the T-test and 40-yard dash were affected for 7 and 22 minutes post- treatment, respectively. Participants also demonstrated significant decreases in peak power and average power immediately after and for 32 minutes post-treatment. Dorsiflexion was significantly decreased 7 and 12 minutes following treatment. There were no differences for plantar flexion, inversion, or eversion. These data suggest functional performance was affected immediately following and for up to 32 minutes after cold whirlpool treatment. It was also evident that there is a gradual performance increase for each measure of functional performance across time. Therefore, the consequences should be carefully considered before returning athletes to activity following cold whirlpool treatment. Key pointsCryotherapy is a common and highly effective modality in treating acute and chronic athletic injuries.The results indicated that cold whirlpool does have an immediate and subsequent effect on functional performance.Understanding how cold whirlpool adversely affects functional performance allows clinicians to continue using this modality before vigorous athletic activity.

Keywords: Functional performance; cryotherapy; therapeutic modalities.

Figure 1.

Diagram of the T-test.

Figure 2.

Cold whirlpool immersion.

Figure 3.

Mean vertical jump heights for males and females. * Denotes p < 0.05 compared with pre-test. (* is not readable please resize legends in the figure)

Figure 3.

Mean vertical jump heights for males and females. * Denotes p < 0.05 compared with pre-test. (* is not readable please resize legends in the figure)

Figure 5.

Mean T-test time for males and females. * Denotes p < 0.05 compared with pre-test. (* is not readable please resize legends in the figure)