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. 2013 Aug 30;4(10):1876-82.
doi: 10.1364/BOE.4.001876. eCollection 2013.

Intravascular optical coherence tomography measurement of size and apposition of metallic stents

Sahar Elahi  1 , Marc D Feldman, Jouke Dijkstra, Thomas E Milner
Affiliations

Intravascular optical coherence tomography measurement of size and apposition of metallic stents

Sahar Elahi et al. Biomed Opt Express. .

Abstract

Effect of beam size and catheter position on the apparent size and apposition of metallic stent struts in IVOCT images were examined. Micro-CT data was employed to determine light - stent strut interactions. Simulated results suggest that location of the reflecting regions depend on relative orientation and position of stent struts to the IVOCT beam. Erroneous stent apposition measurements can occur when the IVOCT catheter is at an eccentric position. A method that mitigates stent strut apposition measurement errors is proposed.

Keywords: (110.0110) Imaging systems; (110.4500) Optical coherence tomography.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Apparent strut size in a phantom: a) centered catheter, b) eccentric catheter where strut size minimized (both arrows) and sunflowered (large arrow), malapposition measurement: c) approach 1; yellow line is drawn from center of strut blooming to the luminal wall indicating the shortest distance, d) approach 2; box is positioned so that edge is coincident with the leading edge of the stent and green line is drawn perpendicular to the box-edge.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
a) Selected strut of a 3 × 8 CYPHER stent deployed in a 3mm diameter phantom vessel, b) cross sectional view of the strut, c) three dimensional STL of the stent strut comprised of 1024 cross sectional images (543microns).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Geometry of IVOCT catheter model and stent strut
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Stent strut orientation with respect to IVOCT catheter: a) Catheter positions along the diameter of the vessel perpendicular to the flat side of the strut, rc = −0.50 (P1), 0.00 (P2), 0.50 (P3) and 1.00 mm (P4), b) Catheter positions along a diameter parallel to the flat side of the strut, rc = 0 (P5), 0.30 (P6), 0.60 (P7) and 0.95 mm (P8).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Simulated IVOCT images of a CYPHER stent strut at selected offsets: a) P1 (rc = −0.5 mm), b) P2 (rc = 0 mm), c) P3 (rc = 0.5 mm), d) P4 (rc = 1 mm).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
a) Stent strut orientation with respect to IVOCT catheter at eccentric positions, incident beam (red) and regions on strut reflecting light back into the catheter (yellow) at: b) P5 (rc = 0 mm), c) P6 (rc = 0.3 mm), d) P7 (rc = 0.6 mm), e) P8 (rc = 0.95 mm).
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Apposition measurements of a CYPHER stent strut at selected offsets: a) P5 (rc = 0 mm) b) P6 (rc = 0.3 mm) c) P7 (rc = 0.6 mm) d) P8 (rc = 0.95 mm), yellow line is drawn from center of strut blooming to the luminal wall indicating the shortest distance (approach 1), box is positioned so that edge is coincident with the leading edge of the stent and green line is drawn perpendicular to the box-edge (approach 2).
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
a) Actual position of CYPHER stent strut, b) proper box placement provides an accurate malapposition measurement at P8 (rc = 0.95 mm), c) proper box placement based on distribution of all stent struts for accurate malapposition measurement by approach 2, yellow lines represent malapposition measurement by approach 1.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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