The relationship between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder
- PMID: 24174890
- PMCID: PMC3811087
- DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.2/mzimmerman
The relationship between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder
Abstract
It is clinically important to recognize both bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder (BPD) in patients seeking treatment for depression, and it is important to distinguish between the two. Research considering whether BPD should be considered part of a bipolar spectrum reaches differing conclusions. We reviewed the most studied question on the relationship between BPD and bipolar disorder: their diagnostic concordance. Across studies, approximately 10% of patients with BPD had bipolar I disorder and another 10% had bipolar II disorder. Likewise, approximately 20% of bipolar II patients were diagnosed with BPD, though only 10% of bipolar I patients were diagnosed with BPD. While the comorbidity rates are substantial, each disorder is nontheless diagnosed in the absence of the other in the vast majority of cases (80% to 90%). In studies examining personality disorders broadly, other personality disorders were more commonly diagnosed in bipolar patients than was BPD. Likewise, the converse is also true: other axis I disorders such as major depression, substance abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder are also more commonly diagnosed in patients with BPD than is bipolar disorder. These findings challenge the notion that BPD is part of the bipolar spectrum.
En los pacientes que buscan un tratamiento para la depresíón es importante, clínicamente, reconocer tanto el trastorno bipolar como el trastorno de personalidad borderline (TPB) y es primordíal poder distinguirlos. Las investigaciones que consideran que el TPB debe ser íncluido como parte del espectro bípolar llegan a distintas conclusiones. Se revisó la pregunta más estudiada acerca de la relación entre el TPB y el trastorno bipolar: ¿cuál es su concordancía diagnóstica? Entre los estudíos se encontró que aproxímadamente el 10% de los pacientes con TPB tenía un trastorno bipolar I y otro 10% tenía un trastorno bipolar II. Asimismo, aproxímadamente el 20% de los pacíentes bípolares II fue diagnostícado con TPB, en cambio sólo el 10% de los bípolares I tuvo ese díagnóstico. A pesar de que las cifras de comorbilidad son considerables, cada trastorno es díagnostícado en ausencía del otro en la gran mayoría de los casos (80% a 90%). En los estudios que examínan en general los trastornos de personalidad, los pacientes bipolares fueron díagnostícados más comúnmente con otros trastornos de la personalidad que con el TPB. Asimismo, lo inverso también es verdadero: otros trastornos del eje I como la depresión mayor, el abuso de sustancías y el trastorno por estrés postraumático también fueron díagnostícados con mayor frecuencia en pacientes con TPB que en el trastorno bípolar. Estos hallazgos ponen en tela de juícío la idea que el TPB es parte del espectro bípolar.
Il est important de reconnaître cliniquement le trouble bipolaire et la personnalité « borderline » (PBL) chez les patients demandant un traitement antidépresseur, et de les distinguer l'un de l'autre. Pour la recherche, l'appartenance de la PBL au cadre des troubles bipolaires a donné lieu à des conclusions divergentes. Nous analysons la question la plus étudiée sur la relation entre la PBL et le trouble bipolaire: leur concordance diagnostique. Dans les études, environ 10% des patients ayant une PBL sont atteints de trouble bipolaire 1 et 10% de trouble bipolaire II. De même, environ 20% des patients bipolaires II souffrent de PBL alors que seulement 10% des patients bipolaires I ont une PBL. Les taux de comorbidité sont importants mais chaque maladie est néanmoins diagnostiquée en l'absence de l'autre dans la grande majorité des cas (80 à 90%). Dans les études s'intéressant aux troubles de la personnalité de manière plus large, les autres troubles de la personnalité ont été plus fréquemment diagnostiqués chez les patients bipolaires. L'inverse est également vrai: les autres troubles de l'axe I comme la dépression majeure, les abus de substance et les états de stress post-traumatique sont plus fréquemment rencontrés chez les patients PBL que chez les patients bipolaires. Ces résultats remettent en question la notion de l'appartenance de la PBL au cadre bipolaire.
Keywords: bipolar disorder; bipolar spectrum; borderline personality disorder.
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