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Review
. 2013 Sep;15(3):291-300.
doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2013.15.3/ebasar.

Brain oscillations in neuropsychiatric disease

Erol Başar  1
Affiliations
Review

Brain oscillations in neuropsychiatric disease

Erol Başar. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2013 Sep.

Abstract
in English, Spanish, French

The term "brain (or neural) oscillations" refers to the rhythmic and/or repetitive electrical activity generated spontaneously and in response to stimuli by neural tissue in the central nervous system. The importance of brain oscillations in sensory-cognitive processes has become increasingly evident. It has also become clear that event-related oscillations are modified in many types of neuropathology, in particular in cognitive impairment. This review discusses methods such as evoked/event-related oscillations and spectra, coherence analysis, and phase locking. It gives examples of applications of essential methods and concepts in bipolar disorder that provide a basis for fundamental notions regarding neurophysiologic biomarkers in cognitive impairment. The take-home message is that in the development of diagnostic and pharmacotherapeutic strategies, neurophysiologic data should be analyzed in a framework that uses a multiplicity of methods and frequency bands.

El término “oscilacíones cerebrales (o neurales)” se refiere a la actividad elécirica rítmica y/o repetitiva generada espontáneamente y en respuesta a estímulos por el tejido neural en el sistema nervioso central. Cada vez es más evidente la importancia de las oscilaciones cerebrales en los procesos sensorio-cognitivos. También es claro que las oscilaciones relacionadas con eventos se modifican en muchos tipos de neuropatología, particularmente en el deterioro cognitivo. Esta revisión discute métodos como los espectros y las oscilaciones evocadas o relacionadas con eventos, el análisis de coherencia y el bloqueo de fase. Da ejemplos de aplicaciones de métodos y conceptos esenciales en el trasiorno bipolar que permiten una base para las nociones fundamentals en relación con los biomarcadores neurofisiológicos en el deterioro cognitivo. El mensaje que se puede obtener es que en el desarrollo del diagnóstico y las estraiegias farmacoterapéuticas, los datos neurofisiológicos deben ser analizados en una estruciura que emplee una multiplicidad de métodos y bandas de frecuencia.

Le terme d'«oscillations cérébrales ou neuronales» se rapporte à l'activité électrique rythmique et/ou répétitive générée spontanément et en réponse aux stimuli par le tissu neuronal dans le système nerveux central. L'importance des oscillations cérébrales dans les processus cognitivo-sensoriels devient de plus en plus manifeste. Les oscillations liées aux événements sont clairement modifiées dans de nombreux types de pathologies neurologiques, en particulier dans le déclin cognitif. Cet article analyse les méthodes comme les spectres et les oscillations évoquées/liées à un événement, les analyses de cohérence et le blocage de phase. II donne des exemples d'application de concepts et de méthodes essentiels dans le trouble bipolaire, servant de base pour des notions fondamentales sur des biomarqueurs neurophysiologiques dans le déclin cognitif. Le message clé est le suivant: au cours du développement des stratégies diagnostiques et pharmacothérapeutiques, les données neurophysiologiques devraient être analysées dans un cadre utilisant de multiples méthodes et bandes de fréquence.

Keywords: alpha; beta; bipolar disorder; delta; gamma; oscillation; phase synchrony; schizophrenia; theta.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Eyes closed mean power values for occipital (O) electrodes. Modified from ref 25: Basar E, Güntekin B, Atagün Mi, Turp Gölbasi B, Tülay E, Özerdem A. Brain's alpha activity is highly reduced in euthymic bipolar disorder patients. Cogn Neurodyn. 2012;6:11-20. Copyright© Springer 2012
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. The grand average plots of intertrial phase coherence as grand average of 5 subjects.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Grand average of power spectra of auditory event related responses over left frontal (F3) location in bipolar disorder subjects and healthy controls upon auditory oddball stimulation.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Mean Z values for sensory evoked (a), and target (b) coherence in response to visual stimuli at all electrode pairs. “*” represents P<0.05. Modified from ref 29: Özerdem A, Güntekin B, Atagün Mi, Turp B, Basar E. Reduced long distance gamma (28-48 Hz) coherence in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2011;132:325-332. Copyright © Elsevier 2011
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