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. 2013 Sep 25:2013:989583.
doi: 10.1155/2013/989583. eCollection 2013.

Alzheimer's disease: screening biomarkers using frequency doubling technology visual field

Denise A Valenti  1
Affiliations

Alzheimer's disease: screening biomarkers using frequency doubling technology visual field

Denise A Valenti. ISRN Neurol. .

Abstract

This study was to investigate the feasibility of frequency doubling technology (FDT) visual field testing in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in order to identify early biomarkers of AD in patients already diagnosed with AD and compare the findings to participants not having Alzheimer's disease. This biomarker would be useful in a battery of tests for the early identification of those with AD. It was not the intent to correlate the visual system biomarker with severity of disease, but to determine if the biomarker was present in pass or fail screening criteria. The study showed with very strong significance that the FDT can identify biomarkers of those with AD compared to an age-matched population that does not have AD. FDT is a simple test to take and administer and has been used to screen for eye and retinal diseases such as glaucoma, retinal macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. The results obtained in the FDT readout are analyzed and compared to the age normative database within the system. The FDT ability to screen for AD biomarker in the visual system was significant in those with AD compared to the controls, and the deficits were not related to any ocular pathology.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Probability symbols from the frequency doubling technology threshold screening readout.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Frequency doubling technology readout of Alzheimer's disease participant. The total deviation was used for the study screening purposes. The bottom of each test shows that for this participant, there were no fixation losses, no false positives, or no false negatives making both tests reliable FDT tests. The left eye had four regions of P < 5% and the right eye had one region of P < 5%, and one region of P < .5%. Both were reliable FDT tests, but failed screenings.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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