Advances in nanomedicines for malaria treatment

Abstract

Malaria is an infectious disease that mainly affects children and pregnant women from tropical countries. The mortality rate of people infected with malaria per year is enormous and became a public health concern. The main factor that has contributed to the success of malaria proliferation is the increased number of drug resistant parasites. To counteract this trend, research has been done in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, for the development of new biocompatible systems capable of incorporating drugs, lowering the resistance progress, contributing for diagnosis, control and treatment of malaria by target delivery. In this review, we discussed the main problems associated with the spread of malaria and the most recent developments in nanomedicine for anti-malarial drug delivery.

Keywords: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine; ACT; ADME; AFM; AUC; Ag NPs; CCRD; CHOL; Colloidal carriers; DBPC; DEP; DHA; DL; DLS; DMPC; DMPG; DNDi; DOPC; DPPC; DPPG; DSC; DSPC; DSPE; DSPG; Dendrimers; Drugs for Negleted Diseases initiate; EE; EPC; EPG; FACS; FFF; FTIR; FVM; Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy; HCM; HPMC; HPβCD; ICT; IOWH; Institute for One World Health; LC; Lipids; Liposomes; MCT; MM; MMV; Malaria; Medicine for Malaria Venture; Micro analysis systems; Microfluidics; NLC; NMR; NPP; Nanomedicine; ODNs; PACA; PC; PCQD; PCS; PE; PG; PLGA; PPI; PPM; PVP; Plasmodium; Polymers; RBC; RBCM; RSM; SEM; SLN; SMEDDS; Solid lipid nanoparticles; TEM; TNF-α; TVM; Toxicity; WBC; absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; area under the plasma level-time curve; artemisin combination therapy; atomic force microscopy; central composite rotable design; cholestrol; dibenhenoyl phosphatidylcholine; dielectrophoresis; differencial scanning calorimetry; dihydroartemisinin; dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine; dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol; dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine; dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol; distearoyl phosphatidylcholine; distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol; distearoyl phosphoethanolamine; drug loading; dynamic light scattering; egg phosphatidylcholine; egg phosphatidylglycerol; encapsulation efficiency; field-flow-fractionation; fluorescence activated cell sorting; food vacuole membrane; host red cell membrane; hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose; hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin; immune chromatographic tests; loading capacity; medium chain triglyceride; mitochondrial membrane; nanostructured lipid carriers; new permeation pathways; nuclear magnetic resonance; oligodeoxynucleotides; parasite plasma membrane; phosphatidylcholine; phosphatidylethanolamine; phosphatidylglycerol; photon correlation spectroscopy; poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide); polyalkylcyanoacrylates; polypropyleneimine; polyvinyl pyrrolidon; positively charged qdots; red blood cell; red blood cell membrane; response surface methodology; scanning electron microscopy; self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems; silver nanoparticles; solid lipid nanoparticles; transmission electron microscopy; tubovesicular membrane; tumor necrosis factor-α; white blood cell; μTAS.