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Review
. 2013 Nov;23(4):461-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2013.07.004. Epub 2013 Oct 13.

Esophageal cancer staging: past, present, and future

Thomas W Rice  1 , Eugene H Blackstone
Affiliations
Review

Esophageal cancer staging: past, present, and future

Thomas W Rice et al. Thorac Surg Clin. 2013 Nov.

Abstract

TNM cancer staging, conceived 70 years ago, was first applied to the esophagus in 1977. Prior staging was neither data-driven nor harmonized with stomach cancer. Machine-learning analysis of worldwide data addressed these shortcomings in the 7th edition. The 8th edition considers 6 problems in attempting to advance esophageal cancer staging.

Keywords: 7th edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual; Cancer location; Histologic grade; Histopathologic cell type; M classification; N classification; Stage grouping; T classification.

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