Recent advances and achievements in nanomaterial-based, and structure switchable aptasensing platforms for ochratoxin A detection

Abstract

Aptamer-based bioreceptors that can easily adopt their surroundings have captured the attention of scientists from a wide spectrum of domains in designing highly sensitive, selective and structure switchable sensing assays. Through elaborate design and chemical functionalization, numerous aptamer-based assays have been developed that can switch their conformation upon incubation with target analyte, resulting in an enhanced output signal. To further lower the detection limits to picomolar levels, nanomaterials have attracted great interest in the design of aptamer-based sensing platforms. Associated to their unique properties, nanomaterials offer great promise for numerous aptasensing applications. This review will discuss current research activities in the aptasensing with typical example of detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). OTA, a secondary fungal metabolite, contaminates a variety of food commodities, and has several toxicological effects such as nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, teratogenic and immunotoxic activities. The review will introduce advances made in the methods of integrating nanomaterials in aptasensing, and will discuss current conformational switchable design strategies in aptasensor fabrication methodologies.

Figure 1.

Chemical structure of ochratoxin A.

Figure 2.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes based quenching of free FAM-aptamer for selective determination of ochratoxin A [75].

Figure 3.

Aptamer-DNAzyme hairpins for biosensing of ochratoxin A [84].

Figure 4.

Design of PEG-aptamer two piece macromolecules integrated sensing platforms [89].