A prospective study of nurses' intentions to leave the profession during their first five years of practice in Sweden

Abstract

Background: Nursing turnover continues to be a problem for healthcare organizations. Longitudinal research is needed in order to monitor the development of turnover intentions to leave the profession over time.

Objective: The objectives were: (1) to investigate the prevalence of new graduates' intentions to leave the nursing profession, (2) to prospectively monitor the development of intention to leave during the first five years of professional life, and (3) to study the impact of sex, age, occupational preparedness and burnout (i.e. exhaustion and disengagement) on the development of intention to leave the profession.

Design: Longitudinal observational study.

Participants: Participants were recruited from first-year nursing students at any of the 26 universities in Sweden offering nursing education. Of the 2331 student nurses who were invited to participate in the study, 1702 (73%) gave informed consent and thus constituted the cohort. This cohort was prospectively followed yearly (three times during education and five times post graduation) from late autumn 2002 to spring 2010. Of the 1501 respondents who continued to participate after graduating, 1417 worked as nurses at the time of data collection and responded to the items regarding intention to leave the nursing profession during at least one wave of measurement; these constituted the sample of the present longitudinal study.

Methods: The outcome variable was intention to leave the nursing profession. This was measured using a scale of three items, covering thoughts of leaving the profession. The main predictor was burnout, and this was measured by the exhaustion and disengagement scale from the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory. Data were analysed using latent growth curve modelling.

Results: After five years, every fifth nurse strongly intended to leave the profession. The longitudinal analysis of change in intention to leave showed that levels increased during the first years of employment. High levels of burnout were related to an increase in intention to leave.

Conclusion: It is important for organizations employing new graduates to pay attention to nurses who show early signs of burnout, and provide a resourceful work environment with a suitable workload, sufficient introduction, management support, satisfactory collaboration with colleagues, and role clarity.

Keywords: Intention; Models; Nursing; Prospective Studies; Statistical; Turnover.