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. 2011 Mar 29;3(2):1622-38.
doi: 10.3390/cancers3021622.

Predictive and prognostic factors in colorectal cancer: a personalized approach

Myutan Kulendran  1 , John F Stebbing, Christopher G Marks, Timothy A Rockall
Affiliations

Predictive and prognostic factors in colorectal cancer: a personalized approach

Myutan Kulendran et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

It is an exciting time for all those engaged in the treatment of colorectal cancer. The advent of new therapies presents the opportunity for a personalized approach to the patient. This approach considers the complex genetic mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis in addition to classical clinicopathological staging. The potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers which have stemmed from the study of the genetic basis of colorectal cancer and therapeutics are discussed with a focus on mismatch repair status, KRAS, BRAF, 18qLOH, CIMP and TGF-β.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The modified Fearson and Volgenstein Model. Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression can occur through either the chromosomal instability (CIN) or microsatellite instability (MSI) pathway. Early adenomatous changes are secondary to loss of APC. KRAS loss initiates the formation of larger adenomas in the CIN pathway followed by 18qLOH. Mutations in TP53 are a late change. Sporadic MSI tumors are commonly part of the serrated neoplasia pathway and BRAF mutations are more common finding.
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