Physiological ecology of acetylene reduction (nitrogen fixation) in a Delaware salt marsh

Abstract

The effects of several fixed nitrogen compounds on acetylene reduction activity (nitrogen fixation) of surface sediments from a Delaware salt marsh were studied. Ammonia addition caused little decrease in activity early in the summer but resulted in a considerable decrease (85-95%) in activity late in the summer and early in the fall. Nitrate caused a near complete suppression of activity at all times. Other compounds such as glutamate, urea, and yeast extract caused a slight increase in activity in tallSpartina sediments and caused more than a 2.5-fold increase in shortSpartina sediments. There was a lag period (1-2 days) before the commencement of in vitro acetylene reduction activity during the spring and early summer, but this lag period was not present in the late summer. The addition of chloramphenicol to samples from a shortSpartina zone caused decreases in activity similar to those obtained with ammonia, whereas chlorate amendments yielded results which, when compared on an electron basis, were comparable to those obtained with nitrate. These results indicated that the observed lag period may be the result of a physiological response to the in situ levels of ammonia and/or nitrate. It is suggested here that in situ nitrogenase activity may be controlled by two processes: (a) repression and derepression of nitrogenase synthesis mediated by the levels of ammonia, and (b) competition for reducing power (electrons) and energy (ATP) between the processes of nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation.