Estrogen rather than progesterone cause constipation in both female and male mice

Abstract

Females are more often affected by constipation than males, especially during pregnancy, which is related to the menstrual cycle. Although still controversial, alterations of progesterone and estrogen may be responsible. Therefore, this study was conducted in order to determine whether the female sex steroid hormone itself is responsible for development of constipation in both female and male mice. Administration of estrogen resulted in a decrease in weight of accumulated feces on days 2, 3, 4, and 5 in male mice and on day 5 in female mice, compared with the control group, but progesterone administration did not. Administration of estrogen resulted in a decrease in gastrointestinal movement, compared to normal; however, no significant change was observed by administration of progesterone. In conclusion, estrogen, rather than progesterone, may be a detrimental factor of constipation via decreased bowel movement in mice.

Keywords: Constipation; Estrogen; Progesterone.

Fig. 1

Effect of female sex steroid hormones on average body weight in male and female mice. Values indicate mean±SE.

Fig. 2

Effect of female sex steroid hormones on accumulated wet weight of feces in male and female mice. Values indicate mean±SE. ^*p<0.05 vs. control.

Fig. 3

Effect of female sex steroid hormones on accumulated dry weight of feces in male and female mice. Values indicate mean±SE.

Fig. 4

Effect of female sex hormones on gastrointestinal movement in male and female mice. Values indicate mean±SD. ^*p<0.01 vs. control or progesterone.