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. 2013 Nov 19:13:127.
doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-13-127.

interRAI home care quality indicators

John N Morris  1 , Brant E Fries, Dinnus Frijters, John P Hirdes, R Knight Steel
Affiliations

interRAI home care quality indicators

John N Morris et al. BMC Geriatr. .

Abstract

Background: This paper describe the development of interRAI's second-generation home care quality indicators (HC-QIs). They are derived from two of interRAI's widely used community assessments: the Community Health Assessment and the Home Care Assessment. In this work the form in which the quality problem is specified has been refined, the covariate structure updated, and two summary scales introduced.

Methods: Two data sets were used: at the client and home-care site levels. Client-level data were employed to identify HC-QI covariates. This sample consisted of 335,544 clients from Europe, Canada, and the United States. Program level analyses, where client level data were aggregated at the site level, were also based on the clients from the samples from Europe, Canada, and the United States. There were 1,654 program-based observations - 22% from Europe, 23% from the US, and 55% from Canada.The first task was to identify potential HC-QIs, including both change and prevalence measures. Next, they were reviewed by industry representatives and members of the interRAI network. A two-step process adjustment was followed to identify the most appropriate covariance structure for each HC-QI. Finally, a factor analytic strategy was used to identify HC-QIs that cluster together and thus are candidates for summary scales.

Results: The set of risk adjusted HC-QIs are multi-dimensional in scope, including measures of function, clinical complexity, social life, distress, and service use. Two factors were identified. The first includes a set of eleven measures that revolve around the absence of decline. This scale talks about functional independence and engagement. The second factor, anchored on nine functional improvement HC-QIs, referenced positively, this scale indicates a return to clinical balance.

Conclusions: Twenty-three risk-adjusted, HC-QIs are described. Two new summary HC-QI scales, the "Independence Quality Scale" and the "Clinical Balance Quality Scale" are derived. In use at a site, these two scales can provide a macro view of local performance, offering a way for a home care agency to understand its performance. When scales perform less positively, the site then is able to review the HC-QI items that make up the scale, providing a roadmap for areas of greatest concern and in need of targeted interventions.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relationship of raw and adjusted quality indicators: hospital, emergency room, and emergent care use.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Functional quality indicators – average proportions of individuals at home care program sites declining or improving.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Functional quality indicators – average proportions of individuals declining or improving, by geographic region.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Clinical quality indicators – average proportions of individuals declining or improving, by geographic region.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Social and service quality indicators - average proportions of individuals declining or improving, by geographic region.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Percent sites at each level of the interRAI home care independence quality scale in total and by areas.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Home care clinical balance quality scale, by geographic region.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Morris JN, Fries BE, Steel K, Ikegami N, Bernabei R, Carpenter GI, Gilgen R, Hirdes JP, Topinkova E. Comprehensive clinical assessment in community setting: applicability of the MDS-HC. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997;45(8):1017–1024. - PubMed
    1. Landi F, Tua E, Onder G, Carrara B, Sgadari A, Rinaldi C, Gambassi G, Lattanzio F, Bernabei R. Minimum data set for home care: A valid instrument to assess frail older people living in the community. Med Care. 2000;38(12):1184–1190. doi: 10.1097/00005650-200012000-00005. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Morris JN, Fries BF, Bernabei R, Steel K, interRAI Home Care (HC) Assessment form and User’s Manual, Version 9.1. Washington, D.C: interRAI; 2009.
    1. Morris JN, Berg K, Bjorkgren M, Declercq A, interRAI Community Health (CHA) Assessment Manual and User’s Manual, Version 9.1. Washington, D.C: interRAI; 2010.
    1. Hirdes JP, Ljunggren G, Morris JN, Frijters DHM, Finne-Soveri H, Gray L, Björkgren M, Gilgen R. Reliability of the interRAI suite of assessment instruments: a 12-country study of an integrated health information system. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:277. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-8-277. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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