Differences in incidence and trends of haematological malignancies in Japan and the United States

Abstract

The incidence of a malignant disease reflects the genetic and cumulative exposure to the environment of a population. Therefore, evaluation of the incidence and trends of a disease in different populations may provide insights into its aetiology and pathogenesis. To evaluate the incidence of haematological malignancies according to specific subtypes, we used population-based registry data in Japan (N = 125 148) and the United States (US; N = 172 925) from 1993 to 2008. The age-adjusted incidence of haematological malignancies in Japan was approximately one-half that in the US but has been increasing significantly, whereas no significant change was seen in the US [annual percent change (95% C confidence interval): Japan, +2·4% (1·7, 3·1); US, +0·1% (-0·1, 0·2)]. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) showed the largest differences in incidence, with the most remarkable differences observed for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, HL-nodular sclerosis, mycosis fungoides and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. HL and NHL are increasing substantially in Japan but not in the US, suggesting that environmental exposures, such as Westernization of the life style may be causing this increase. Differences in the incidence and trends for specific subtypes also showed a marked contrast across subtypes, which, in turn, may provide significant new insights into disease aetiology in the future.

Keywords: Japan; haematological malignancies; incidence; surveillance epidemiology and end results; trend.

Fig 1

Incidence and trends for haematological malignancies from 1993 to 2008 in Japan and the US. Data for the US are shown in red and Japan in blue. Circles indicate the observed age-standardized incidence rates of males and females combined, and lines indicate the age-standardized incidence rates estimated by Joinpoint regression analysis. Axis indicates the annual incidence /100 000.

Fig 2

Incidence and trends for malignant lymphoma from 1993 to 2008 in Japan and the US. Data for the US are shown in red and Japan in blue. Circles indicate the observed age-standardized incidence rates of males and females combined, and lines indicate the age-standardized incidence rates estimated by Joinpoint regression analysis. Axis indicates the annual incidence /100 000.