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Review
. 2015 Jan 1;356(1):52-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.10.032. Epub 2013 Nov 15.

High dose bystander effects in spatially fractionated radiation therapy

Rajalakshmi Asur  1 , Karl T Butterworth  2 , Jose A Penagaricano  1 , Kevin M Prise  2 , Robert J Griffin  3
Affiliations
Review

High dose bystander effects in spatially fractionated radiation therapy

Rajalakshmi Asur et al. Cancer Lett. .

Abstract

Traditional radiotherapy of bulky tumors has certain limitations. Spatially fractionated radiation therapy (GRID) and intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) are examples of advanced modulated beam therapies that help in significant reductions in normal tissue damage. GRID refers to the delivery of a single high dose of radiation to a large treatment area that is divided into several smaller fields, while IMRT allows improved dose conformity to the tumor target compared to conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. In this review, we consider spatially fractionated radiotherapy approaches focusing on GRID and IMRT, and present complementary evidence from different studies which support the role of radiation induced signaling effects in the overall radiobiological rationale for these treatments.

Keywords: Bystander effects; GRID; IMRT; Spatially fractionated radiation therapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest for the material covered in this review manuscript.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cells were irradiated using spatially fractionated radiation to evaluate bystander effects. The cells were irradiated at a peak dose of 10 Gy using a brass collimator to create a GRID pattern of 9 open circular areas, 12 mm in diameter with a center–center distance of 18 mm. The bystander cells were harvested from the valley dose region along the diagonal lines illustrated, which represents about 10% of the total radiation [28].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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