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. 2013 Spring;12(2):435-43.

Inhibitory Activity of Avicennia marina, a Medicinal Plant in Persian Folk Medicine, against HIV and HSV

Rahele Namazi  1 , Rezvan Zabihollahi, Mandana Behbahani, Abbas Rezaei
Affiliations

Inhibitory Activity of Avicennia marina, a Medicinal Plant in Persian Folk Medicine, against HIV and HSV

Rahele Namazi et al. Iran J Pharm Res. 2013 Spring.

Abstract

Avicennia marina (Avicenniaceae) is a species of mangrove tree used for treatment of small pox lesions in Persian folk medicine. The antiviral activity of methanol, ethanol, water, chloroform and n-hexane extracts was evaluated against HIV-1 and HSV. Methanol extract had the highest antiviral activity and the most polar fraction of this extract (fraction D) inhibited HSV with TI and SI values of 57.1 and 133; however, it showed mild activity against HIV with SI value of 6.25 (fraction 3). The anti-HSV activity of active fraction was confirmed using FLASH-PCR. Phytochemical investigation revealed that fraction D encompasses flavonoids compounds. The time-of-addition study demonstrated that fraction D disturbs viral replication after penetrating to the cell. A. marina was endowed with fragments by which found to be able to inhibit replication of HSV after entry but did not show significant potency against HIV-1. This promotes further investigation in anti-HSV drug discovery.

Keywords: Antiviral activity; Avicennia marina; Herpes simplex virus; Human immunodeficiency virus; Medicinal plant.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Anti-viral Activity of fraction D at Different Times of Addition. Fraction D (20 μg/mL) was added at either before (- 4 and – 2 h) or after (0, 2 and 4 h) virus infection. The extracts that were added before virus infection were rinsed off after virus exposure. The result showed that the presence of fraction D before infection cannot inhibit virus infection, although it could inhibit virus replication if be present after virus infection. *Significant difference between test sample and solvent control (p < 0.005
Figure 2
Figure 2
FLASH-PCR assay for anti-HSV activity of fraction D. Addition of fraction D to the cell environment significantly inhibits HSV-1 (KOS) DNA reproduction (- 4, 0) over virus control. Addition of this agent before infection (- 4) enhances its antiviral activity. Acyclovir (ACV) 5 mg/mL was used as anti-HSV control in this assay
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