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. 2013 Nov 19;3(11):e003787.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003787.

Geographical prevalence and risk factors for pterygium: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lei Liu  1 , Jingyang Wu, Jin Geng, Zhe Yuan, Desheng Huang
Affiliations

Geographical prevalence and risk factors for pterygium: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lei Liu et al. BMJ Open. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Objective: Pterygium is considered to be a proliferative overgrowth of bulbar conjunctiva that can induce significant astigmatism and cause visual impairment; this is the first meta-analysis to investigate the pooled prevalence and risk factors for pterygium in the global world.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies.

Setting: International.

Participants: A total of 20 studies with 900 545 samples were included.

Primary outcome measure: The pooled prevalence and risk factors for pterygium.

Results: 20 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of pterygium was 10.2% (95% CI 6.3% to 16.1%). The pooled prevalence among men was higher than that among women (14.5% vs 13.6%). The proportion of participants with unilateral cases of pterygium was higher than that of participants with bilateral cases of pterygium. We found a trend that the higher pooled prevalence of pterygium was associated with decreasing geographical latitude and age in the world. The pooled OR was 2.32 (95% CI 1.66 to 3.23) for the male gender and 1.76 (95% CI 1.55 to 2.00) for outdoor activity, respectively.

Conclusions: The pooled prevalence of pterygium was relatively high, especially for low latitude regions and the elderly. There were many modifiable risk factors associated with pterygium to which healthcare providers should pay more attention.

Keywords: Epidemiology; Ophthalmology.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart demonstrating those studies that were processed for inclusion in the meta-analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot displaying the pooled prevalence of pterygium in the population of the world.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot displaying the pooled ORs and trends of pterygium: (A) OR for male gender; (B) OR for outdoor activity; (C) trend for age groups and prevalence of pterygium; and (D) trend for geographical latitude and prevalence of pterygium.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Funnel plot of studies conducted on the prevalence of pterygium in the world.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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