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Multicenter Study
. 2014 Feb;68(2):196-202.
doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.235. Epub 2013 Nov 20.

Dietary vitamin D intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition: the EPIC-InterAct study

S Abbas  1 , J Linseisen  2 , S Rohrmann  3 , J W J Beulens  4 , B Buijsse  5 , P Amiano  6 , E Ardanaz  7 , B Balkau  8 , H Boeing  5 , F Clavel-Chapelon  8 , G Fagherazzi  8 , P W Franks  9 , D Gavrila  10 , S Grioni  11 , R Kaaks  12 , T J Key  13 , K T Khaw  14 , T Kühn  12 , A Mattiello  15 , E Molina-Montes  16 , P M Nilsson  17 , K Overvad  18 , J R Quirós  19 , O Rolandsson  20 , C Sacerdote  21 , C Saieva  22 , N Slimani  23 , I Sluijs  4 , A M W Spijkerman  24 , A Tjonneland  25 , R Tumino  26 , D L van der A  24 , R Zamora-Ros  27 , S J Sharp  28 , C Langenberg  28 , N G Forouhi  28 , E Riboli  29 , N J Wareham  28
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Dietary vitamin D intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition: the EPIC-InterAct study

S Abbas et al. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014 Feb.

Abstract

Background/objectives: Prospective cohort studies have indicated that serum vitamin D levels are inversely related to risk of type 2 diabetes. However, such studies cannot determine the source of vitamin D. Therefore, we examined the association of dietary vitamin D intake with incident type 2 diabetes within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct study in a heterogeneous European population including eight countries with large geographical variation.

Subjects/methods: Using a case-cohort design, 11,245 incident cases of type 2 diabetes and a representative subcohort (N=15,798) were included in the analyses. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for type 2 diabetes were calculated using a Prentice-weighted Cox regression adjusted for potential confounders. Twenty-four-hour diet-recall data from a subsample (N=2347) were used to calibrate habitual intake data derived from dietary questionnaires.

Results: Median follow-up time was 10.8 years. Dietary vitamin D intake was not significantly associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. HR and 95% CIs for the highest compared to the lowest quintile of uncalibrated vitamin D intake was 1.09 (0.97-1.22) (Ptrend=0.17). No associations were observed in a sex-specific analysis. The overall pooled effect (HR (95% CI)) using the continuous calibrated variable was 1.00 (0.97-1.03) per increase of 1 μg/day dietary vitamin D.

Conclusions: This observational study does not support an association between higher dietary vitamin D intake and type 2 diabetes incidence. This result has to be interpreted in light of the limited contribution of dietary vitamin D on the overall vitamin D status of a person.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1. Dietary vitamin D intake (per 1 μg/day) and risk of type 2 diabetes, by country and overall: the EPIC-InterAct study; CI = confidence interval.
(Models stratified by sex and age; adjusted for non-fat energy, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, physical activity, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol intake.)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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