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Meta-Analysis
. 2013 Nov 28;2013(11):CD004068.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004068.pub4.

Postnatal parental education for optimizing infant general health and parent-infant relationships

Janet Bryanton  1 , Cheryl T Beck, William Montelpare
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Postnatal parental education for optimizing infant general health and parent-infant relationships

Janet Bryanton et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Many learning needs arise in the early postpartum period, and it is important to examine interventions used to educate new parents about caring for their newborns during this time.

Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the effects of structured postnatal education delivered to an individual or group related to infant general health or care and parent-infant relationships.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (31 March 2013).

Selection criteria: We included randomized controlled trials of any structured postnatal education provided to individual parents or groups of parents within the first two months post-birth related to the health or care of an infant or parent-infant relationships.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors (JB, CTB) assessed trial quality and extracted data from published reports.

Main results: Of the 27 trials (3949 mothers and 579 fathers) that met the inclusion criteria, only 15 (2922 mothers and 388 fathers) reported useable data. Educational interventions included: five on infant sleep enhancement, 12 on infant behaviour, three on general post-birth health, three on general infant care, and four on infant safety. Details of the randomization procedures, allocation concealment, blinding, and participant loss were often not reported. Of the outcomes analyzed, only 13 were measured similarly enough by more than one study to be combined in meta-analyses. Of these 13 meta-analyses, only four were found to have a low enough level of heterogeneity to provide an overall estimate of effect. Education about sleep enhancement resulted in a mean difference of 29 more night-time minutes of infant sleep in 24 hours at six weeks of age (95% confidence interval (CI) 18.53 to 39.73) than usual care. However, it had no significant effect on the mean difference in minutes of crying time in 24 hours at six weeks and 12 weeks of age. Education related to infant behaviour increased maternal knowledge of infant behaviour by a mean difference of 2.85 points (95% CI 1.78 to 3.91).

Authors' conclusions: The benefits of educational programs to participants and their newborns remain unclear. Education related to sleep enhancement appears to increase infant sleep but appears to have no effect on infant crying time. Education about infant behaviour potentially enhances mothers' knowledge; however more and larger, well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Conflict of interest statement

None known.

Figures

1
1
'Risk of bias' graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
2
2
'Risk of bias' summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 1 Total infant sleep >= 15 hrs per 24 hrs.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 2 Total minutes of infant sleep in 24 hrs (mean diff).
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 3 Night‐time minutes of infant sleep in 24 hrs (mean diff).
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 4 Longest uninterrupted night‐time minutes of infant sleep in 24 hrs (mean diff).
1.5
1.5. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 5 Day‐time minutes of infant sleep in 24 hrs (mean diff).
1.6
1.6. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 6 Longest uninterrupted day‐time minutes of infant sleep in 24 hrs (mean diff).
1.7
1.7. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 7 Infant crying time in 24 hrs (mean diff).
1.8
1.8. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 8 Night‐time minutes of infant sleep in 24 hrs.
1.9
1.9. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 9 Longest uninterrupted night‐time minutes of infant sleep in 24 hrs.
1.10
1.10. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 10 No. of infant night‐time sleeping episodes.
1.11
1.11. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 11 Day‐time minutes of infant sleep in 24 hrs.
1.12
1.12. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 12 Longest uninterrupted day‐time minutes of infant sleep in 24 hrs.
1.13
1.13. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 13 No. of infant day‐time sleeping episodes.
1.14
1.14. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 14 Night‐time minutes of infant fussing/crying in 24 hrs.
1.15
1.15. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 15 Longest uninterrupted night‐time minutes of infant fuss/cry in 24 hrs.
1.16
1.16. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 16 No. of infant night‐time fussing/crying episodes.
1.17
1.17. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 17 Day‐time minutes of infant fussing/crying in 24 hrs.
1.18
1.18. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 18 Longest uninterrupted day‐time minutes of infant fuss/cry in 24 hrs.
1.19
1.19. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 19 No. of infant day‐time fussing/crying episodes.
1.20
1.20. Analysis
Comparison 1 Education on sleep enhancement versus usual care, Outcome 20 Maternal stress score.
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Education on infant behaviour versus usual care, Outcome 1 Knowledge of infant behaviour.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Education on infant behaviour versus usual care, Outcome 2 Child‐rearing anxiety.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Education on infant behaviour versus usual care, Outcome 3 Mother distance.
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2 Education on infant behaviour versus usual care, Outcome 4 Mutuality.
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2 Education on infant behaviour versus usual care, Outcome 5 Synchronous co‐occurrences during free play ‐ visual.
2.6
2.6. Analysis
Comparison 2 Education on infant behaviour versus usual care, Outcome 6 Synchronous co‐occurrences during free play ‐ vocal.
2.7
2.7. Analysis
Comparison 2 Education on infant behaviour versus usual care, Outcome 7 Mothers' perception of their infants.
2.8
2.8. Analysis
Comparison 2 Education on infant behaviour versus usual care, Outcome 8 Maternal confidence interpreting infant behaviour.
3.1
3.1. Analysis
Comparison 3 Education on general post‐birth infant health or care versus usual care, Outcome 1 Maternal general post‐birth knowledge score (mean).
3.2
3.2. Analysis
Comparison 3 Education on general post‐birth infant health or care versus usual care, Outcome 2 Maternal general post‐birth knowledge score (per cent correct).
3.3
3.3. Analysis
Comparison 3 Education on general post‐birth infant health or care versus usual care, Outcome 3 Infant weight (kg).
3.4
3.4. Analysis
Comparison 3 Education on general post‐birth infant health or care versus usual care, Outcome 4 Infant length (cm).
3.5
3.5. Analysis
Comparison 3 Education on general post‐birth infant health or care versus usual care, Outcome 5 Head circumference (cm).
3.6
3.6. Analysis
Comparison 3 Education on general post‐birth infant health or care versus usual care, Outcome 6 Appropriate immunization.
3.7
3.7. Analysis
Comparison 3 Education on general post‐birth infant health or care versus usual care, Outcome 7 Knowledge of signs of infant pneumonia.
3.8
3.8. Analysis
Comparison 3 Education on general post‐birth infant health or care versus usual care, Outcome 8 Knowledge of action to take in the case of infant diarrhoea.
4.1
4.1. Analysis
Comparison 4 Education on infant safety versus usual care, Outcome 1 Infant restraint seat fastened by lap belt.
4.2
4.2. Analysis
Comparison 4 Education on infant safety versus usual care, Outcome 2 Post‐hospitalization awareness of tap water burns.
4.3
4.3. Analysis
Comparison 4 Education on infant safety versus usual care, Outcome 3 Greater use of temperature testing.
4.4
4.4. Analysis
Comparison 4 Education on infant safety versus usual care, Outcome 4 Supine infant sleep position.
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