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Review
. 2014 Feb;32(1):9-19, vii.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2013.09.015.

Pathophysiology and etiology of heart failure

Frances L Johnson  1
Affiliations
Review

Pathophysiology and etiology of heart failure

Frances L Johnson. Cardiol Clin. 2014 Feb.

Abstract

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome that is heterogeneous in both pathophysiology and etiology. This article describes some of the common mechanisms underlying heart failure, and reviews common causes. Informative diagnostic testing is reviewed.

Keywords: Diagnosis; Etiology; Heart failure; Pathophysiology.

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