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. 2013 Nov 1;6(11):1335-46.
doi: 10.3390/ph6111335.

A Review of Ten Years of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) from 2002 to 2011

Ian Morrissey  1 , Meredith Hackel, Robert Badal, Sam Bouchillon, Stephen Hawser, Douglas Biedenbach
Affiliations

A Review of Ten Years of the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) from 2002 to 2011

Ian Morrissey et al. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). .

Abstract

Surveillance of antimicrobial agent resistance provides important information to guide microbiologists and infectious disease specialists understanding of the control and the spread of resistance mechanisms within the local environment. Continued monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the community and in local hospital environments is essential to guide effective empiric therapy. The Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART) has monitored the in vitro susceptibility patterns of clinical Gram-negative bacilli to antimicrobial agents collected worldwide from intra-abdominal infections since 2002 and urinary tract infections since 2009. Resistance trends, with a particular focus on carbapenem resistance and the rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), were analyzed. Isolates from intra-abdominal infections (n = 92,086) and urinary-tract infections (n = 24,705) were collected and tested using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methods. This review presents carbapenem susceptibility and ESBL rates over ten years of SMART study analysis, including key publications during this period. The SMART study has proved to be a valuable resource in determining pathogen prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility over the last ten years and continues to provide evidence for regulatory susceptibility breakpoints and clinical decision making.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Map indicating SMART sites as participating in 2011.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of ESBLs in E. coli, K. pneumonia, K. oxytoca and P. mirabilis from intra-abdominal infections by region from SMART 2002 to 2011.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of ESBLs in E. coli, K. pneumonia, K. oxytoca and P. mirabilis from urinary-tract infections by region from SMART 2009 to 2011.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Susceptibility of E. coli from intra-abdominal infections to imipenem (IMI-S) and prevalence of ESBLs by region from SMART 2002 to 2011.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Susceptibility of K. pneumoniae from intra-abdominal infections to imipenem (IMI-S) and prevalence of ESBLs by region from SMART 2002 to 2011.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Susceptibility of E. coli from urinary-tract infections to imipenem (IMI-S) and prevalence of ESBLs by region from SMART 2009 to 2011.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Susceptibility of K. pneumoniae from urinary-tract infections to imipenem (IMI-S) and prevalence of ESBLs by region from SMART 2009 to 2011.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Susceptibility of P. aeruginosa from intra-abdominal infections to imipenem (IMI-S) by region from SMART 2002 to 2011.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Susceptibility of P. aeruginosa from urinary-tract infections to imipenem (IMI-S) by region from SMART 2009 to 2011.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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