Immunization status in children with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases have an increased risk of infections due to immunosuppressive therapies. To report the immunization status according to previous recommendations and the reasons explaining a delay, a questionnaire was filled in by the pediatric gastroenterologist, concerning outpatients, in six tertiary centers and five local hospitals, in a study, from May to November 2011. One hundred and sixty-five questionnaires were collected, of which 106 Crohn's diseases, 41 ulcerative colitis, and 17 indeterminate colitis. Sex ratio was 87:78 M/F. Median age was 14.4 years old (4.2-20.0). One hundred and nine patients (66 %) were receiving or had received an immunosuppressive therapy (azathioprine, infliximab, methotrexate, or prednisone). Vaccines were up to date according to the vaccine schedule of French recommendations in 24 % of cases and according to the recommendations for inflammatory bowel disease in 4 % of cases. Coverage by vaccine was the following: diphtheria-tetanus-poliomyelitis 87 %, hepatitis B 38 %, pneumococcus 32 %, and influenza 22 %. Immunization delay causes were as follows: absence of proposal 58 %, patient refusal 41 %, fear of side effects 33 %, and fear of disease activation 5 %. Therefore, immunization coverage is insufficient in children with inflammatory bowel disease, due to simple omission or to refusal. A collaboration with the attending physicians and a targeted information are necessary.