Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM)

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a potential surrogate of micrometastasis, in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).

Methods: We prospectively evaluated CTCs in 7.5 mL of peripheral blood sampled from patients with a suspicion of MPM. A semiautomated system was used to capture CTCs with an antibody against the epithelial cell adhesion molecule.

Results: Of 136 eligible patients, 32 were finally diagnosed with nonmalignant diseases (NM), and 104 had MPM. CTCs were detected in 32.7 % (34 of 104) of MPM patients but in only 9.4 % (3 of 32) of NM patients (P = 0.011). The CTC count was significantly higher in MPM patients than in NM patients (P = 0.007), and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed an insufficient capability of the CTC test in discrimination between MPM and NM, with an area under ROC curve of 0.623 (95 % confidence interval, 0.523-0.723; P = 0.036). Among MPM patients, CTCs were more frequently detected in patients with epithelioid subtype (39.7 %, 31 of 78) than in those with nonepithelioid subtypes (11.5 %, 3 of 26; P = 0.016). Positive CTCs (CTC count ≥ 1) were a significant factor to predict a poor prognosis among epithelioid patients (median overall survival, 22.3 months for positive CTCs vs. 12.6 months for negative CTCs; P = 0.004) and not in nonepithelioid patients (P = 0.649). A multivariate analysis showed that positive CTCs were a significant and independent factor to predict a poor prognosis (hazard ratio, 2.904; 95 % confidence interval, 1.530-5.511; P = 0.001) for epithelioid MPM patients.

Conclusions: CTC was a promising marker in diagnosis and prediction of prognosis in MPM, especially in epithelioid MPM.