Elderly patients have similar outcomes compared to younger patients after minimally invasive surgery for spinal stenosis

Abstract

Background: Older patients undergo surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in great numbers, but as a result of substantial diagnostic and surgical heterogeneity, the impact of age on results after surgery is poorly defined.

Questions/purposes: We compared groups of patients younger and older than 70 years with relative clinical and surgical homogeneity to determine differences in (1) interval improvement in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively and (2) perioperative adverse events.

Methods: We performed a subgroup analysis of an ongoing prospective observational study. Patients were divided based primarily on age (younger than 70 years [n = 68] and 70 years or older [n = 41]) and secondarily on procedure (minimally invasive decompression alone or decompression and instrumented fusion). With the exception of age and American Society of Anesthesiologists status, the two age groups were similar (p > 0.3) in baseline demographics and ODI. Mean pre- and postoperative ODI were compared between groups at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Perioperative adverse events were also compared.

Results: At all time intervals, both younger and older patients demonstrated (p = 0.05 to < 0.001) improvements in ODI. At the 1-year mark, no differences in ODI were demonstrated between the younger and older patients for decompression only (21 versus 26 [p = 0.29]) or decompression and fusion (19 versus 18 [p = 0.97]). Interval improvement in ODI was not different between younger and older patients at any time point for decompression only (6 weeks: -18 versus -20 [p = 0.66]; 6 months: -21 versus -17 [p = 0.41]; 12 months: -21 versus -15 [p = 0.29]) or decompression and fusion (6 weeks: -11 versus -12 [p = 0.58]; 6 months: -21 versus -22 [p = 0.69]; 12 months: -23 versus -27 [p = 0.97]). There were no differences in perioperative adverse events between groups (p = 0.67).

Conclusions: When clinical and surgical heterogeneity is minimized, improvements in terms of disability as measured by the ODI and the frequency of adverse events after surgery in elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis are comparable to those of younger patients. For patients with focal lumbar spinal stenosis, age alone should not dissuade us from considering surgical intervention if otherwise indicated.

Level of evidence: Level III, therapeutic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Fig. 1

A graph shows the ODI scores in younger and older patients at baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Values are shown as mean ± SD; p values are shown for between-group comparisons. No significant differences were found between groups at each of the measured time intervals.

Fig. 2

A graph shows the interval improvement in disability as reflected by relative change in mean ODI at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months for younger and older patients after decompression only. Values are shown as mean ± SD; p values are shown for between-group comparisons. No significant differences were found between groups at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months.

Fig. 3

A graph shows interval improvement in disability as reflected by relative change in mean ODI at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months for younger and older patients after decompression and fusion. Values are shown as mean ± SD; p values are shown for between-group comparisons. No significant differences were found between groups at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months.