Treatment and prognosis of patients with fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: a national perspective

Abstract

Background: Surgery remains the only potentially curative option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC). We sought to investigate the differences over time in surgically managed FLC compared with conventional HCC using population-based data.

Study design: Using SEER data, we identified 7,225 patients with surgically managed FLC or HCC from 1986 to 2008. We examined differences in clinicopathologic and surgical factors associated with long-term survival.

Results: Of the 7,225 patients, the majority had HCC (n = 7,135; 99%) vs FLC (n = 90; 1%). Patients with FLC were younger (25 years vs 59 years) and more often were women (44% vs 27%) than patients with HCC (both p < 0.001). Regional disease was more common among patients with FLC (42.2%) vs patients with HCC (22.1%) (p < 0.001). More than one-third of patients with FLC (36.9%) were operatively managed with a hemihepatectomy compared with patients with HCC, who were more often managed with a liver transplant (p < 0.001). On univariable analysis, there was a marked difference in overall survival, with patients with FLC surviving a median of 75 months vs 43 months for HCC (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.59; p = 0.001). There was a marked difference in survival when patients were stratified by localized (FLC, 78 months vs HCC, 49 months; p = 0.012) vs regional disease (FLC, 46 months vs HCC, 23 months; p = 0.002.

Conclusions: Patients with FLC have many clinicopathologic features that are different from those of patients with HCC, including younger age and female sex. Despite a higher likelihood of advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, surgically treated FLC patients had better long-term outcomes than patients with conventional HCC.

Keywords: FLC; HCC; HR; NCI; National Cancer Institute; OS; fibrolamellar carcinoma; hazard ratio; hepatocellular carcinoma; overall survival.

Figure 1

Overall survival of patients with fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) (n = 90; median survival: 75 months) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 7,135; median survival 43 months) managed with a liver-directed procedure from the time of diagnosis in SEER from 1986 to 2008 (p = 0.001).

Figure 2

Overall survival of patients with fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stratified by the SEER summary stage designation (localized vs regional) from 1986 to 2008. Medians months of survival: FLC and localized (78 months) vs HCC and localized (49 months) (p = 0.012); FLC and regional (46 months) vs HCC and regional (23 months) (p = 0.002).