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. 2013 Nov 13:2013:469674.
doi: 10.1155/2013/469674. eCollection 2013.

Evaluation and optimization of downstream process parameters for extraction of betulinic acid from the bark of Ziziphus jujubae L

Kashyap Kumar Dubey  1 , Nitika Goel
Affiliations

Evaluation and optimization of downstream process parameters for extraction of betulinic acid from the bark of Ziziphus jujubae L

Kashyap Kumar Dubey et al. ScientificWorldJournal. .

Abstract

Present work investigated an apposite and efficient method for extraction of betulinic acid (BA) from the bark of Ziziphus jujubae. Various extraction methods like stirring extraction, soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic extraction, and microwave assisted extraction (MAE) were evaluated for increasing recovery percentage of BA. From the raffinate so obtained, BA was isolated. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to analyze the extract and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for quantification. The results revealed that the percentage extraction of BA from Z. jujubae by MAE was more proficient. As recovery percentage of BA by MAE technique turned out to be maximum, by using response surface methodology (RSM), three process parameters (pH, temperature, and time) were optimized by MAE and it was observed that the optimum parameters (pH 6.5, temp. 70.23°C, and time 3.5 min) gave the maximum recovery of BA (0.44% w/w). To validate the RSM model, experiments were performed and the highest recovery of BA was found to be 0.4% w/w which is ±0.04% to the predicted value. Henceforth the extraction efficiency and the substantial saving of time by MAE was more capable than the other extraction techniques.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical structure of betulinic acid.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Line diagram for stirring extraction method.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Line diagram for ultrasonic assisted extraction method.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Line diagram for soxhlet extraction method.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Line diagram for microwave assisted extraction (MAE) method.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Representation of the complete process for recovery of BA from the bark of Z. jujubae (STR: stirring extraction; USO: ultrasonic extraction; SOX: soxhlet extraction; MAE: microwave assisted extraction).
Figure 7
Figure 7
The effect of stirring extraction with various solvents at 70°C for 160 min.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The effect of stirring extraction at varying material : solvent ratios (A = 1 : 30, B = 1 : 40, C = 1 : 50, D = 1 : 60, and E = 1 : 70).
Figure 9
Figure 9
The effect of stirring extraction with methanol at varying pH values.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The effect of ultrasonic extraction time on percentage extraction of BA.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The effect of soxhlet extraction time on percentage extraction of BA.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Comparison of percentage extraction of BA from bark of Z. jujubae by different extraction techniques.
Figure 13
Figure 13
(a) Effect of pH and temperature on the yield of BA in the extraction process: 3D plot shows that % BA yield (w/w) increases with increase in pH and extraction temperature. The third factor (process time) is fixed at 3.5 min. (b) Effect of process time and pH on the BA yield in the extraction process: 3D plot showing increase in % BA yield (w/w) with increase in pH and process time. The third factor (temperature) was fixed at 70.23°C. (c) Effect of process time and temperature on the BA yield in the extraction process: 3D plot showing increase in % BA yield (w/w) with increase in process time and extraction temperature. The third factor (pH) is fixed at 6.5.
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