Typology of alcohol users based on longitudinal patterns of drinking

Abstract

Objective: Worldwide, alcohol is the most commonly used psychoactive substance. However, heterogeneity among alcohol users has been widely recognized. This paper presents a typology of alcohol users based on an implementation of idiographic methodology to examine longitudinal daily and cyclic (weekly) patterns of alcohol use at the individual level.

Method: A secondary data analysis was performed on the pre-intervention data from a large randomized control trial. A time series analysis was performed at the individual level, and a dynamic cluster analysis was employed to identify homogenous longitudinal patterns of drinking behavior at the group level. The analysis employed 180 daily observations of alcohol use in a sample of 177 alcohol users.

Results: The first order autocorrelations ranged from -.76 to .72, and seventh order autocorrelations ranged from -.27 to .79. Eight distinct profiles of alcohol users were identified, each characterized by a unique configuration of first and seventh autoregressive terms and longitudinal trajectories of alcohol use. External validity of the profiles confirmed the theoretical relevance of different patterns of alcohol use. Significant differences among the eight subtypes were found on gender, marital status, frequency of drug use, lifetime alcohol dependence, family history of alcohol use and the Short Index of Problems.

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that individuals can have very different temporal patterns of drinking behavior. The daily and cyclic patterns of alcohol use may be important for designing tailored interventions for problem drinkers.

Keywords: Dynamic typology; Idiographic research; Longitudinal alcohol use patterns; Time series analysis.

Figure 1

Example of Dynatype 1 (N = 19): Set Point and Highly Cyclical with Moderate Consumption

Figure 2

Example of Dynatype 2: (N = 20) Set Point and Highly Cyclical with High Consumption

Figure 3

Example of Dynatype 3 (N = 39): Set Point with Low Consumption

Figure 4

Example of Dynatype 4 (N = 15): Multiple Regulation with High Consumption

Figure 5

Example of Dynatype 5 (N = 28): Fixed Effect with Moderate Consumption

Figure 6

Example from Dynatype 6 (N = 14): Fixed Effect with High Consumption

Figure 7

Dynatype 7 (N = 25): Set Point and Moderately Cyclic with Moderate Consumption

Figure 8

Example from Dynatype 8 (N = 17): Set Point and Cyclic with High Consumption