Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2014 Jan;12(1):14-21.
doi: 10.2450/2013.0131-13. Epub 2013 Nov 14.

Blood and blood-associated symbols beyond medicine and transfusion: far more complex than first appears

Olivier Garraud  1 , Jean-Jacques Lefrère  2
Affiliations
Review

Blood and blood-associated symbols beyond medicine and transfusion: far more complex than first appears

Olivier Garraud et al. Blood Transfus. 2014 Jan.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Codex Mendoza, Aztec sacrifice. Sixteenth Century. The Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Figure 2
Figure 2
A bleeding of the past (bloodletting). A woman sitting in a chair is being bled by two physicians while a third physician kneels at her side holding a clyster; a post-mortem is taking place in the background. National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Head of King Louis XVI. Villeneuve, “Matière à réflection pour les jongleurs couronnées” (Matter for thought for crowned twisters), 1793, Engraving, Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris.
Figure 4
Figure 4
“Operation of direct transfusion of live blood carried out on 7 February 1882”, published in the Atlas Populaire de Médecine, de Chirurgie, by Emile Littré (J-B Bailliere et fils, Paris, 1883).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Dodd RY. Current risk for transfusion transmitted infections. Curr Opin Hematol. 2007;14:671–76. - PubMed
    1. Sojka BN, Sojka P. The blood donation experience: self-reported motives and obstacles for donating blood. Vox Sang. 2008;94:56–63. - PubMed
    1. Hossenlopp C. Management of transfusion related risks: is risk communication to non-experts at all possible? Dev Biol (Basel) 2007;127:249–58. - PubMed
    1. Garozzo G, Crocco I, Giussani B, et al. Adverse reactions to blood donations: the READ project. Blood Transfus. 2010;8:49–62. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kretschmer V, Weippert-Kretschmer M, Slonka J, et al. Perspectives of paid whole and plasma donation. Dev Biol (Basel) 2005;120:101–11. - PubMed