Natural killer cell activity in the rat. VI. Characterization of rat large granular lymphocytes as effector cells in natural killer and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxic activities

Abstract

The present study examined rat natural killer (NK) cells, which mediate not only NK activity but also antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). NK and ADCC activities were compared with regard to organ distribution, strain distribution, Percoll fractionation of the effector cells, effects of aging, and potential to be augmented by biological response modifiers (BRM). Like NK activity, appreciable ADCC activity was observed in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), splenic leukocytes (SPL), and peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), but not in cell preparations from the peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), bone marrow (BM), and thymus (THY). ADCC activity, when compared with NK activity, was significantly higher in PBL but the same or lower in SPL and PEC. In terms of strain distribution, a high NK/ADCC strain (rnu/rnu), four intermediate NK and high ADCC strains (PVG/RTLRL, Lewis, PVG/OLA, and F344), an intermediate NK/ADCC strain (WF/N), and a low NK/ADCC strain (Buffalo) were observed. Fractionation of effector cells on discontinuous Percoll gradients revealed that both NK and ADCC activities were associated with relatively high-density large granular lymphocytes (LGL). In contrast, ADCC but little or no NK activity was associated with lower density LGL. However, the NK activity of this lower-density LGL population could be elicited following the in vitro incubation with a number of BRM, including rat interferon (IFN) and OK-432, but not rat interleukin-2 (IL-2). In general, the ADCC activity of both higher and lower density LGL-enriched cell populations correlated with both the frequency of FC gamma R+ LGL and the percentage of LGL binders to antibody-coated P815 target cells. The present study also has shown that in contrast to NK activity, which remained relatively stable with age, ADCC activity from F344 but not WF/N rats increased until 30-50 wk of age. This increase of ADCC activity in older F344 rats was accompanied by an increase in the percentage and absolute number of lower density FC gamma R+ LGL. This study demonstrates a number of similarities and differences between NK and ADCC activities in the rat. These findings should be useful for further examining and comparing the in vivo development and biological role of these two effector arms of the immune system.